Abdomen Flashcards
the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity are separated by the ___ which runs from the pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory
pelvic inlet
the abdominal cavity is lined by ____
the gut tube is covered by ____
abdominal cavity lined by parietal peritoneum,
which is continuous with covering of gut tube called visceral peritoneum
the ____ connects the gut tube to the body wall
mesentery
peritoneal structures vs retroperitoneal structures
peritoneal: have mesentery which are usually attached to posterior body wall, mobile structures
retroperitoneal: no mesentery, blood vessels/nerves/lymphatics run behind parietal peritoneum, attached to posterior abdominal wall, immobile structures
what mesentery connects to the greater curvature and lesser curvature of the stomach?
omentum (large fold of peritoneum) connects to greater curvature
lesser omentum connects to lesser curvature
hepatoduodenal ligament
the portion of the lesser omentum which runs from the duodenum to the liver
the hepatoduodenal ligament marks the anterior border of the ____ foramen, which connects the main peritoneal cavity with the lesser peritoneal cavity (aka omental bursa)
omental or epicploic foramen
omental bursa is aka
lesser peritoneal cavity or lesser sac
what does the hepatic triad consist of
hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein
which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal
first part - peritoneal
second (descending) - retroperitoneal
third (horizontal) - retroperitoneal
fourth (ascending) - peritoneal as it transitions to jejunum
the pancreas is retroperitoneal except for…
its tail as it approaches the hilus of the spleen
the bile duct empties into the duodenum at the
major duodenal papilla (adjacent to the pancreatic duct)
which of these are peritoneal structures: stomach small intestine ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
peritoneal: stomach small intestine transverse colon sigmoid colon
retroperitoneal:
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum
T/F: the adrenal gland is in the retroperitoneum
TRUE
what are the 3 main vessels supplying the GI tract and where doe they arise from
from superior to inferior:
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
arise from anterior surface of the aorta
at what structure does the foregut end? What vessel supplies it?
stomach, liver, pancreas, ends at duodenal papilla
supplied by celiac trunk
the superior and inferior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein drain into the portal vein, which trains into the ____ of the liver where blood is mixed with arterial blood from the hepatic artery
hepatic sinusoids
aorta becomes abdominal aorta as it passes through ___ at T_
aortic hiatus at T12
note esophageal hiatus is at T10
the midline of the abdomen is lined by the
linea alba
the omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac) is anterior/posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach?
posterior
the abdominal aorta lies to the left or right of the midline?
slightly left
the inferior epigastric artery runs deep to this abdominal muscle
rectus abdominis
This lobe of the liver is found in the lesser peritoneal sac
Caudate lobe
The hepatic triad is contained in the
Heptaduodenal ligament
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Left gastric artery - supplies lesser curvature of stomach
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery - gives off gastroduodenal artery to become proper hepatic artery
Which of these is not a branch of the celiac trunk? Splenic artery Esophogeal artery Common hepatic artery Left gastric artery
Esophogeal artery
The (L/R) hepatic artery gives off a cystic artery to the gallbladder
Right hepatic artery
The bile duct is formed by the conversion of
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
During fetal life blood returns from placenta via umbilical vein and bypasses liver via
Ductus venosus to enter SVC
in adulthood this becomes ligomentum venosum between caudate and left lobes of liver
The pancreas is found within the curve of the
Duodenum
The right and left parts of the greater curvature of the stomach are supplied by the R/L…
Gastroepiploic arteries
Bile duct and pancreatic duct converge at this structure
Ampulla
The interior of the duodenum has many circular fold called
Plicae circulares
The bile duct and pancreatic duct open in the duodenum at that ____ which is surrounded by a circular mucosal fold
Duodenal papilla
Ducts open at sphincter of Oddi
Longitudinal folds of stomach
Rugae
The portal vein is formed by the convergence of the
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Function of hepatic portal system
Carries nutrient rich blood from digestive tract to liver for processing
Whipple procedure
Remove duodenum and head of pancreas (because of cancer)
Connect jenunum to pancreas, and connect bile duct and pyloric sphincter to jenunum
How does the liver drain
Via hepatic vein into IVC
The avascular plane along the lateral and posterior border of the ascending/descending colon can be found at this line:
White line of Toldt
Where is adrenal gland in relation to kidney
Superior, medial
The fascia covering the kidney and adrenal gland
Gerota’s fascia
The minor calyces of the kidney are found at the tips of the ____ and drain into the major calyces which drain into the…
Minor calyces formed at tips of renal papillar
Major calyces drain into renal pelvis
The celiac ganglion is posterior to the IVC and medial to the suprarenal gland. This region is sometimes called the
Solar plexus
The adrenal artery arises from the
Renal artery
Between the celiac artery and the adrenal gland is the
Celiac plexus
The inferior pancreaticduodenal artery is a branch of the
Superior mesenteric artery (its first branch)
The ileocolic branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the…
Appendix and cecum
The middle colic artery divides into R/L marginal arteries. The L marginal artery ascends and becomes the
Marginal artery of Drummond
Arcades
Regions of interconnections of vasculature
The left colic branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the
Sigmoid and descending colon
the superior mesenteric artery supplies this region…
second part of duodenum to distal third of transverse colon
the marginal artery of Drummond connects…
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
