Heart, Mediastinum, Neck Flashcards
the L coronary artery runs in the atrioventricular groove has these 2 main branches:
circumflex branch - runs in AV groove
anterior interventricular branch or left anterior descending (LAD) - main blood supply of left ventricle
R coronary artery runs in ___ groove and terminates posteriorly as ____
R coronary artery runs in AV groove on right, terminates posteriorly as posterior interventricular artery
also has a marginal branch
venous cardiac blood returns through the ___ to the R atrium
coronary sinus
crista terminalis
junction between smooth and rough part of R atrium
smooth - derived from embryonic vein
rough - primitive heart
fossa ovalis and location?
small depression on the interatrial septum between R/L atrium
remnant of embryonic foramen ovale - allows placental blood to pass from R heart to L heart to reach systemic circulation
aka the heart strings, and what is their function
chordae tendineae
connects cusps of the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves to the papillary muscle (which keeps valve closed during contraction)
the heart walls are thickest where
left ventricle
what happens when aortic and pulmonary valves are open
systole, allow blood flow to pulmonary and systemic circulations
what is the order of the cardiac conduction system
SA (sino-atrial) is pacemaker in R atrium –>
excitation spreads along walls of R/L atria to reach AV node –>
Bundle of His divides into L/R bundles which travel along interventricular septum
the tendon of Todaro, septal cusp of the tricuspid valve, and coronary sinus make the borders of the ___ and in this is where the AV node is found
triangle of Koch
transverse pericardial sinus divides ____ from ____
divides outflow tracks (aorta and pulmonary trunk) anteriorly from the venous return posteriorly
heart is covered by the __
pericardium
brachiocephalic artery branches into ___ and ___
common carotid and subclavian
subclavian artery passes posterior to the anterior scalene muscle, crosses inferior border of first rib and becomes ___
axillary artery
which nerve supplies the diaphragm
phrenic nerve - passes through thorax
this cranial nerve crosses anterior to the left subclavian artery
vagus nerve
the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein join at a junction to form the ___
brachiocephalic vein, which drains into superior vena cava
the ____ muscle lies in the superficial fascia covering the anterior and lateral neck, and is innervated by the facial nerve
platysma muscle
the ___ muscle lies in the deep fascia under the chin
mylohyoid muscle
the ____ nerve is found along the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid, is a branch of the cervical plexus arising from C2, and passes in close relation to the parotid gland (which puts it at risk during parotid surgery). It provides sensation to the region of the ear and posterior face
auricular nerve
ligamentum arteriosum connects
arch of aorta and left pulmonary artery
esophageal hiatus is at what vertebral level
T10 - where esophagus passes through diaphragm
in the upper chest, the lateral branches of the sympathetic chain supply ____ and the medial branches supply ___
lateral branches - body wall and limbs (via spinal nerves)
medial branches - lungs and heart
external jugular vein distention leads you to suspect fluid overload and (R/L) heart failure
right heart failure
the thyroid gland receives its blood supply from these two arteries:
external carotid and subclavian arteries
the recurrent laryngeal nerve lies in the groove between ___ and ____
esophagus and trachea
what does ductus arteriosus do in the embryonic heart and what does it become after birth?
shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta
becomes ligamentum arteriosus after birth, which connects arch of aorta and left pulmonary artery
what is the function of the azygos vein and where does it drain?
carries blood from upper abdomen and upper lower back to return to the heart
drains into the SVC (superior vena cava)
(the azygos system drains most of the chest wall)
mitral valve connects
left atrium and ventricle
emergency airway is placed between
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
carotid bifurcation is at the level of
thyroid cartilage
in the lower neck the common carotid artery lies deep to this muscle
SCM - sternocleidomastoid
