Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
What joints make up the pelvic girdle?
- 2 Sacroiliac
- Pubic symphysis
What is the innominate bone commonly known as?
Hip bone
What is the area called where the bones of the pelvis fuse?
Acetabulum
What provides stability of the hip joint?
- Fibrous capsule
- Ligaments
- Acetabular anatomy
What ligaments stabilise the hip joint?
- Ileofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ‘ball and socket’
Describe the Acetabulum
- Articular surface smooth & crescent shaped=lunate surface
- Deficient inferiorly=acetabular notch
- Acetabular labrum=a rim of cartilage deepening the articular surface
What is the acetabular notch bridged by?
Transverse acetabular ligament
What are the attachments of the fibrous capsule?
Proximal: Encircles rim of acetabulum
Distal: Femoral neck- intertrochanteric line & greater trochanter
How do the ligaments of the hip improve stability?
1) Spiral around hip joint
2) Taut when hip extended
3) Put femoral head into acetabulum
Describe the ligaments of the hip joint and what they prevent
- Iliofemoral: Covers hip superiorly & anteriorly, strongest ligament, prevents hyperextension during standing
- Pubofemoral: Covers hip inferiorly & anteriorly, prevents excessive abduction
- Ischiofemoral: Covers hip posteriorly, weakest ligament
How does a posterior hip dislocation present?
-Limb appears shortened and internally rotated
How can a posterior hip dislocation occur?
- Impact when hip is flexed, internally rotated, adducted
- Seated position
- Sciatic nerve injury may result
- Associated acetabular fracture
How does an anterior hip dislocation occur?
- Force applied during extreme abduction with external rotation of hip
- Femoral head levered anteriorly
- Limb appears externally rotated, abducted & flexed
