Pelvic Viscera II Flashcards
Urinary Trigone?
where the two ureters empty into the urinary bladder through ureteric orifices, and where the urethra heads out.. it’s a triangle.
Between the two ureteric orifices is what?
flap down by the uvula?
fold = interureteric fold.
flap of tissue called the uvula of the urinary bladder. (so you have 2 uvula)
What are the parts of the urinary bladder?
Apex (points ANTERIORLY)
Body (most of it)
Fundus (far from opening to the urethra)
Neck (part before it tapers off to a single tube)
sphincter in the bladder is found nearest what?
the neck of the bladder
what are the walls of the bladder made of?
what surrounds that? and what is it made of?
detrusor muscle
vesical fascia… (made of visceral membranous pelvic fascia)
Urinary bladder in males and females?
the uterus is taking up quite a bit of space.. so it’s harder to hold a full bladder.
Male urethra pathway?
Preprostatic urethra (from the bladder, before you get into the prostate, it’s in the neck of the bladder pretty much)
Prostatic urethra (once you get in the prostate)
go through the perineal membrane = membranous urethra (super short stretch)
spongy urethra (or penile urethra) –> once it gets to the penis proper
What happens to the urethra once it gets to the prostate gland?
it comes to a junction where it meets up with another tube that is giving semen in.. so pee and semen meet up at this point
In the urethra is a ridge that is swollen in the middle.. so what is it called? where is this located?
what is also seen in this?
urethral crest
center of the crest, there is a very swollen part called the “seminal colliculus”.
prostate gland.. this is where the junction is
what are the three openings of the seminal colliculus?
function of each?
prostatic utricle –> (biggest opening) blind end pouch that does nothing. (what’s left of the male uterovaginal process)
2 Openings for the ejaculatory ducts.
what is on either side of the seminal colliculus?
Prostatic Sinus.. this is where the prostate gland empties it’s secretions through the tiny little holes.
sinus is the space.
Once you get into the penile urethra, what happens?
you go through a space where the urethra is a little wider, and it just so happens to be inside the bulb of the penis… so it’s called the “intrabulbar fossa”
this is where the bulbourethral glands empty their secretion into this fossa.
After the intrabulbar fossa, what happens?
it goes from the intrabulbar fossa through the rest of the penile urethra and then gets to another widening of the urethra in the glans penis.. this is called the “navicular fossa”
what is all along the spongy urethra?
little openings for the urethral glands, that are secreting mucous out onto the surface of the urethra.
Female urethra? (what are the 2 glands that are part of this)
right from the urinary bladder, into a tube, straight to the external urethral orifice at the vaginal vestibule.
there are glands associated with the female urethra.. “paraurethral glands” (don’t do much)
“urethral glands” (secrete mucous to line the urethra)
What can we see in the rectum? (3)
Transverse rectal folds
space between transverse rectal folds = ampulla
Anorectal Flexure
What’s to note about the anal canal? (4 structures)
what is the function of each?
the passageway has in it ridges that are LONGITUDINAL.. these come from the blood vessels that are deep to those ridges
… these are called anal columns
at the bottom of the columns there are folds and flaps… and behind the folds there is space behind them…
the flap is an anal valve
the space behind it is the anal sinus
the sinus leads down to a gland that secretes mucus
as you poop out, you squeeze the gland, and mucus is shoved out to aide in evacuation
What are some features on the ventral surface of the penis and scrotum?
what about below the scrotum?
Penile Raffet (raffet means seam)
Scrotal Raffet
Perineal Raffet
Contents of the spermatic cord? (9)
Ductus Deferens
Testicular A. (off of the Aorta)
Pampiniform venous plexus
Autonomic Sensory N.
Genital Branch Genitofemoral N.
Lymph vessels
A. to the Ductus Deferens
Cremasteric A.
Ilioinguinal N.
Layer wise of the spermatic cord?
Outermost = skin
deep fascia (camper’s), then membranous fascia (scarpas)
membranous becomes dartos fascia and associated with dartos muscle.
External Spermatic Fascia (E)
Cremasteric Fascia/Muscle (I)
Internal Spermatic Fascia (T)
Tunica Vaginalis (parietal + visceral), Tunica Albuginea
Vasectomy (or deferendectomy)?
you cut the vas deferens so sperm cells are no longer part of semen.
Testes if you cut them open, what would you see?
made of a bunch of tubules.. all of which are separated by invagination of the tunica albuginea that form septa.
the tubes start as seminiferous tubules then become straight tubules and those go to the Rete Testes (which is a sinusoidal space).
this is going to lead to the epididymis
what is the epididymis made of?
what communicates directly with the testes?
what does this lead to?
(made of a bunch of highly coiled tubes) has a head, body, and a tail.
the tail is the one part that does not communicate with the Rete Testes via the efferent ductules
the efferent ductules coil up which is what forms the head and body of the epididymis
it simplifies into one big tube called the “ductus deferens”
What is the penis wrapped with? (2 layers)
membranous superficial fascia is what on the penis?
What’s deep to that?
Dartos Fascia (the membranous superficial)
tough dense fascia called deep fascia of the penis.
What is the organization regionally of the penis?
Root, body, and Glans penis
Proximally for the unpaired ventral cylinder of the penis, in the root.. what is it called?
what’s inside it?
when the unpaired ventral cylinder goes into the body of the penis, what is it called?
when the unpaired ventral cylinder goes in the glans penis what is it called?
bulb of the penis
intrabulbar fossa.
Corpus Spongiosum.. which has the spongy urethra (penile urethra) running through it
Glans Penis
What do you need to do for your practical when looking at parts of the Glans Penis?
the parts of the glans penis need to end “of the glans penis”
What are the parts of Glans Penis?
Corona of the glans penis (crown)
Neck of the Glans Penis (where the glans meets up with corpus spongiosum.. right at the junction between body and Glans)
When the paired dorsal cylinders are in the root of the penis, what are they called?
Body?
Crura of the penis (right and left crus of the penis)
Corpus Cavernosum
Difference between body’s when talking about the dorsal and ventral cylinders of the penis?
dorsal = corpus cavernosum
ventral = corpus spongiosum
the skin that covers the Glans Penis is called what? what clinical correlation does this have?
Prepuce
cut off during circumcision
Between Glans Penis and the Prepuce is a small fold of skin on the ventral side.. what is this called?
frenulum of the penis
What does the prostate gland do?
creates fluid that comprises 20% of the fluid in semen
Clinically for prostate?
it can become enlarged and cancerous. the way you get to it is digital rectal exam and palpate it.
Seminal Vesicles?
accessory gland
paired, on either side of the ductus deferens, right behind the urinary bladder.
produces fluid for semen
has its own duct
what do seminal vesicles + ductus deferens become?
Ejaculatory duct –> squirting through the hole onto the seminal colliculus.
Bulbourethral glands?
this is important. where is it located and what does it do?
the gland itself is in the deep perennial pouch (deep to the perennial membrane)
its secretion is conveyed via tube through the perennial membrane to the intrabulbar fossa
these secrete serous fluid when aroused or erect. coats the inside of the male urethra.
