Pelvic Viscera II

Question 1

Urinary Trigone?

Answer 1

where the two ureters empty into the urinary bladder through ureteric orifices, and where the urethra heads out.. it’s a triangle.

Question 2

Between the two ureteric orifices is what?

flap down by the uvula?

Answer 2

fold = interureteric fold.

flap of tissue called the uvula of the urinary bladder. (so you have 2 uvula)

Question 3

What are the parts of the urinary bladder?

Answer 3

Apex (points ANTERIORLY)

Body (most of it)

Fundus (far from opening to the urethra)

Neck (part before it tapers off to a single tube)

Question 4

sphincter in the bladder is found nearest what?

Answer 4

the neck of the bladder

Question 5

what are the walls of the bladder made of?

what surrounds that? and what is it made of?

Answer 5

detrusor muscle

vesical fascia… (made of visceral membranous pelvic fascia)

Question 6

Urinary bladder in males and females?

Answer 6

the uterus is taking up quite a bit of space.. so it’s harder to hold a full bladder.

Question 7

Male urethra pathway?

Answer 7

Preprostatic urethra (from the bladder, before you get into the prostate, it’s in the neck of the bladder pretty much)

Prostatic urethra (once you get in the prostate)

go through the perineal membrane = membranous urethra (super short stretch)

spongy urethra (or penile urethra) –> once it gets to the penis proper

Question 8

What happens to the urethra once it gets to the prostate gland?

Answer 8

it comes to a junction where it meets up with another tube that is giving semen in.. so pee and semen meet up at this point

Question 9

In the urethra is a ridge that is swollen in the middle.. so what is it called? where is this located?

what is also seen in this?

Answer 9

urethral crest

center of the crest, there is a very swollen part called the “seminal colliculus”.

prostate gland.. this is where the junction is

Question 10

what are the three openings of the seminal colliculus?

function of each?

Answer 10

prostatic utricle –> (biggest opening) blind end pouch that does nothing. (what’s left of the male uterovaginal process)

2 Openings for the ejaculatory ducts.

Question 11

what is on either side of the seminal colliculus?

Answer 11

Prostatic Sinus.. this is where the prostate gland empties it’s secretions through the tiny little holes.

sinus is the space.

Question 12

Once you get into the penile urethra, what happens?

Answer 12

you go through a space where the urethra is a little wider, and it just so happens to be inside the bulb of the penis… so it’s called the “intrabulbar fossa”

this is where the bulbourethral glands empty their secretion into this fossa.

Question 13

After the intrabulbar fossa, what happens?

Answer 13

it goes from the intrabulbar fossa through the rest of the penile urethra and then gets to another widening of the urethra in the glans penis.. this is called the “navicular fossa”

Question 14

what is all along the spongy urethra?

Answer 14

little openings for the urethral glands, that are secreting mucous out onto the surface of the urethra.

Question 15

Female urethra? (what are the 2 glands that are part of this)

Answer 15

right from the urinary bladder, into a tube, straight to the external urethral orifice at the vaginal vestibule.

there are glands associated with the female urethra.. “paraurethral glands” (don’t do much)

“urethral glands” (secrete mucous to line the urethra)

Question 16

What can we see in the rectum? (3)

Answer 16

Transverse rectal folds

space between transverse rectal folds = ampulla

Anorectal Flexure

Question 17

What’s to note about the anal canal? (4 structures)

what is the function of each?

Answer 17

the passageway has in it ridges that are LONGITUDINAL.. these come from the blood vessels that are deep to those ridges
… these are called anal columns

at the bottom of the columns there are folds and flaps… and behind the folds there is space behind them…

the flap is an anal valve
the space behind it is the anal sinus

the sinus leads down to a gland that secretes mucus

as you poop out, you squeeze the gland, and mucus is shoved out to aide in evacuation

Question 18

What are some features on the ventral surface of the penis and scrotum?

what about below the scrotum?

Answer 18

Penile Raffet (raffet means seam)

Scrotal Raffet

Perineal Raffet

Question 19

Contents of the spermatic cord? (9)

Answer 19

Ductus Deferens

Testicular A. (off of the Aorta)

Pampiniform venous plexus

Autonomic Sensory N.

Genital Branch Genitofemoral N.

Lymph vessels

A. to the Ductus Deferens

Cremasteric A.

Ilioinguinal N.

Question 20

Layer wise of the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

Outermost = skin

deep fascia (camper’s), then membranous fascia (scarpas)

membranous becomes dartos fascia and associated with dartos muscle.

External Spermatic Fascia (E)

Cremasteric Fascia/Muscle (I)

Internal Spermatic Fascia (T)

Tunica Vaginalis (parietal + visceral), Tunica Albuginea

Question 21

Vasectomy (or deferendectomy)?

Answer 21

you cut the vas deferens so sperm cells are no longer part of semen.

Question 22

Testes if you cut them open, what would you see?

Answer 22

made of a bunch of tubules.. all of which are separated by invagination of the tunica albuginea that form septa.

the tubes start as seminiferous tubules then become straight tubules and those go to the Rete Testes (which is a sinusoidal space).

this is going to lead to the epididymis

Question 23

what is the epididymis made of?

what communicates directly with the testes?

what does this lead to?

Answer 23

(made of a bunch of highly coiled tubes) has a head, body, and a tail.

the tail is the one part that does not communicate with the Rete Testes via the efferent ductules

the efferent ductules coil up which is what forms the head and body of the epididymis

it simplifies into one big tube called the “ductus deferens”

Question 24

What is the penis wrapped with? (2 layers)

membranous superficial fascia is what on the penis?

What’s deep to that?

Answer 24

Dartos Fascia (the membranous superficial)

tough dense fascia called deep fascia of the penis.

Question 25

What is the organization regionally of the penis?

Answer 25

Root, body, and Glans penis

Question 26

Proximally for the unpaired ventral cylinder of the penis, in the root.. what is it called?

what’s inside it?

when the unpaired ventral cylinder goes into the body of the penis, what is it called?

when the unpaired ventral cylinder goes in the glans penis what is it called?

Answer 26

bulb of the penis

intrabulbar fossa.

Corpus Spongiosum.. which has the spongy urethra (penile urethra) running through it

Glans Penis

Question 27

What do you need to do for your practical when looking at parts of the Glans Penis?

Answer 27

the parts of the glans penis need to end “of the glans penis”

Question 28

What are the parts of Glans Penis?

Answer 28

Corona of the glans penis (crown)

Neck of the Glans Penis (where the glans meets up with corpus spongiosum.. right at the junction between body and Glans)

Question 29

When the paired dorsal cylinders are in the root of the penis, what are they called?

Body?

Answer 29

Crura of the penis (right and left crus of the penis)

Corpus Cavernosum

Question 30

Difference between body’s when talking about the dorsal and ventral cylinders of the penis?

Answer 30

dorsal = corpus cavernosum

ventral = corpus spongiosum

Question 31

the skin that covers the Glans Penis is called what? what clinical correlation does this have?

Answer 31

Prepuce

cut off during circumcision

Question 32

Between Glans Penis and the Prepuce is a small fold of skin on the ventral side.. what is this called?

Answer 32

frenulum of the penis

Question 33

What does the prostate gland do?

Answer 33

creates fluid that comprises 20% of the fluid in semen

Question 34

Clinically for prostate?

Answer 34

it can become enlarged and cancerous. the way you get to it is digital rectal exam and palpate it.

Question 35

Seminal Vesicles?

Answer 35

accessory gland

paired, on either side of the ductus deferens, right behind the urinary bladder.

produces fluid for semen

has its own duct

Question 36

what do seminal vesicles + ductus deferens become?

Answer 36

Ejaculatory duct –> squirting through the hole onto the seminal colliculus.

Question 37

Bulbourethral glands?

this is important. where is it located and what does it do?

Answer 37

the gland itself is in the deep perennial pouch (deep to the perennial membrane)

its secretion is conveyed via tube through the perennial membrane to the intrabulbar fossa

these secrete serous fluid when aroused or erect. coats the inside of the male urethra.