Pelvic Vessels, Nerves, Lymph

Question 1

What are the parts of the uterus? (main parts)

Answer 1

fundus (farthest away from the opening of the uterus.

Body –> has uterine horns, which are where the uterine tubes make contact with the uterus

body tapers off and gets more narrow until you get to an “isthmus”

after that is “neck” –> which is called “cervix”!

Question 2

How come you can see the cervix being larger than the body of the uterus?

what are the different

Answer 2

there are changes in uterine ratios..

body to cervic changes depending on the hormonal environment.

newborn (when under the influence of maternal hormones): 2:1

out of the hormonal environment before making your own: 1:1

puberty, making your own = 2:1

Having kids, you can get to as high as 3:1

then you are post menopause, where you stop making hormones, and back to 1:1

Question 3

What are the spaces of the uterus?

Answer 3

uterine cavity

then we hit the isthmus, go through the “Internal Uterine Os”

then it goes through the cervical canal

then through the “External Uterine Os”

Question 4

to know about the cervix and the vagina?

Answer 4

the cervix protrudes slightly to the uppermost part fo the vagina

this determines if the cervix is supravaginal or just vaginal

Question 5

Layers of the uterus from deep to superficial?

Answer 5

outermost = perimetrium

uterine muscle itself = myometrium

inside = endometrium (sloughed off during the menstrual cycle)

Question 6

Hysterectomy?

Answer 6

different varieties.. one where you take out the uterus but leave the cervix (partial)

ones where you take out the uterus and the whole cervix but leave the uterine tubes (Total)

one where you take everything including vagina and ovaries and uterine tubes = Radical hysterectomy

Question 7

What are the ligamentous structures of the uterus? (5)

Answer 7

Broad L of the uterus = made of peritoneum (right up against the uterus is mesometrium, part against the ovary is mesovarium, part along uterine tube is mesosalpinx)

Suspensory L of the Ovary = layer of peritoneum wrapping around the ovarian blood vessels (comes from the aorta)

Suspensory L of the Uterus

Gubernaculum remnants –> 1) Round ligament of the uterus and 2) Ligament of the Ovary

Transverse Cervical L.

Question 8

Gubernaculum and the ovary/uterus?

what becomes what?

Answer 8

the upper part of the gubernaculum is directly attached to the ovary (ligament of the ovary)

the lower part ends in the labia mejora (round ligament of the uterus)

Question 9

What 3 things are coming from the lateral wall of the uterus?

Answer 9

1) goes to the deep inguinal ring = round ligament of the uterus
2) goes and ends in fimbrae = uterine tube
3) attached to the ovarian ligament, ending in ovary.. that’s the ovary

Question 10

What is the transverse cervical L made of?

Answer 10

most specifically the middle lamina of the hypogastric sheath, which is made of condensed endopelvic fascia

Question 11

Uterosacral L?

Answer 11

made of parietal membranous pelvic fascia

it’s part of the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia

Question 12

Uterine tubes are also called what?

what are the parts?

Answer 12

Fallopian tubes

Infundibulum (means funnel)

it’s associated with the fringe called “fimbriae”

one specific fimbrion contacts the ovary and that’s called the ovarian fimbrion

then you go into the ampulla of the uterine tube.

just before you get in the uterus you end up with another isthmus (of the uterine tube)

lastly the uterine part of the uterine tube. (WE CANNOT SEE THIS!!)

Question 13

whats the opening on the end of the infundibulum of the uterine tube?

Answer 13

abdominal osteum

Question 14

What’s the opening that goes from the uterine part of the uterine tube?

Answer 14

Uterine Osteum

Question 15

what is the course of the oocyte

Answer 15

it goes from ovary to abdominal osteum to get to the infundibulum of the uterine tube, course into the ampulla of the uterine tube, keep going through the ampulla till you get to the isthmus of the uterine tube, then to the uterine part, through the uterine Osteum, into the uterine cavity, through the internal uterine Os, into the cervical canal, through the external uterine os, and on into the vagina.

Question 16

What happens during ligation of the uterine tubes?

Answer 16

if you do not want oocytes to end up in the uterus you can ligate them.. band them, cauterize them, tied and cut them.

Question 17

what is the vagina?

because of the cervix position, what spaces can we have and how can these change?

Answer 17

musculomembranous tube.. leads directly up to the cervix of the uterus.

because the cervix protrudes down into the vagina, we have a couple spaces.. called “fornices”.. there’s an anterior and posterior vaginal fornix.

one can be bigger depending on if the uterus is flexed.

if it’s flexed one way or another, it’ll change the shape of the fornices.

Question 18

area directly above the vaginal vestibule?

Answer 18

Mons Pubis

anteriorly, the space between the two labia major is the pudendal cleft

when you look at the actual vaginal vestibule, the cleft opens up and you’re just looking into the vaginal vestibule.

Question 19

labia mejora?

Labia menora?

Answer 19

possess fat and hair

just prominent folds in the skin that do not have fat or hair.

Question 20

Where the labia mejora come together anteriorly is what?

posteriorly?

Answer 20

anterior labial commisure

posterior labial commisure

Question 21

Frenulum of the labia menora?

when is it not present?

Answer 21

posteriorly of the labia menora.. after sexual activity, this frenulum goes away.

Question 22

Clitoris?

what are the parts?

when you’re looking from the outside, what do you see of the clitoris? what extend from either side?

Answer 22

Glans, body, angle, and paired crura..

frenula of the Glans clitoris,

Question 23

What is the prepuce in women?

Answer 23

skin that variably covers the body of the clitoris.

Question 24

Vaginal vestibule..

what two orifices are there?

Answer 24

external urethral orifice

vaginal orifice.

Question 25

what variably covers the vaginal orifice?

what happens when things start going into the vagina?

Answer 25

Hymen

breaks away

Question 26

Paired bulbs of the vestibule are found where?

Answer 26

on the sides of the vaginal vestibule

remember these are the other 2 bulbs of the erectile tissue of the female

Question 27

Where are the greater vestibular glands?

lesser?

Answer 27

at the bottom of the bulbs of the vestibule

found between the external urethral orifice and the vaginal orifice

Question 28

Pap smear?

Answer 28

swabbing cells of the cervix and culturing it