Pelvic Mass

Question 1

what is the most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract?

Answer 1

leiomyoma of the uterus (fibroid tumor)

Question 2

why does Leiomyoma cause miscarriage and pregnancy complications?

Answer 2

interfere with implantation

Question 3

what are some signs and sx of a leiomyoma of the uterus (fibroid tumor)

Answer 3

it’s usually asymptomatic

females may seek treatment for:
pelvic pressure
abnormal uterine bleeding
pain

Question 4

what labs might you run for a fibroid tumor?

Answer 4

CBC, check for iron deficiency anemia

Question 5

imaging for fibroid tumors?

Answer 5

transvaginal ultrasound

MRI with contrast

Hysterography or hysteroscope

Question 6

When would you need emergency measures for leiomyoma?

Answer 6

surgery may be needed for acute torsion of pedunculated myoma. Be sure to treat them for anemia if they have it prior to surgery.

Question 7

what type of birth control can decrease bleeding associated with fibroids?

Answer 7

LNG IUD

Question 8

what are some specific treatments for leiomyoma/fibroid tumors?

Answer 8

NSAIDS to reduce menstrual blood loss
hormonal therapies for menstrual blood loss.

Surgical therapy is the definitive treatment

Question 9

When do you medevac fibroids?

Answer 9

suspected torsion of the fibroid and hemorrhage. All others refer to gynecologists

Question 10

will you be able to detect carcinoma of the endometrium on a PAP?

Answer 10

no, it is frequently negative. pain is a late sx. abnormal uterine bleeding is in 90% of cases.

Question 11

what would you need to confirm a diagnosis of carcinoma of the endometrium?

Answer 11

after a negative pregnancy test, you would need to sample endometrial tissue.

Question 12

what is the age range of carcinoma of the endometrium?

Answer 12

50-70 years old, it is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive tract.

Question 13

What are some risk factors of endometrial cancer?

Answer 13

obesity
nullparity
diabetes
any therapy, procedure, or medicinal use that offers unopposed estrogen.

Question 14

what is the treatment for carcinoma of the endometrium?

Answer 14

total hysterectomy
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries)

post operative radiation
chemo

Question 15

is endometrial carcinoma survivable?

Answer 15

overall 5 year survival 80-85%

less than 66% invasion-98% survival
> 66%- 78%