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RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Summer 2016 > Pelvic Limb (Canine, Feline, Equine, Ox) > Flashcards

Pelvic Limb (Canine, Feline, Equine, Ox) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the reciprocal apparatus in equine? Where are they located?

A
  1. Peroneus tertius (cranial aspect of metatarsal III)
  2. Superficial digital flexor (caudal aspect of metatarsal (III)
  3. Gastrocnemius (caudal aspect of metatarsal III)
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2
Q

What are the components of the Suspensory Apparatus or Passive Stay Apparatus?

A
  1. Interosseus (suspensory ligament)
  2. Extensor branches of interosseus
  3. Proximal sesamoid bones
  4. Sesamoidean ligaments (straight, oblique, cruciate)
  5. Superficial digital Flexor with flexor manica
  6. Deep digital Flexor
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3
Q

The _________ is located between the DDF and navicular bone in the equine?

A

Navicular bursa

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4
Q

What two joints in the equine move in unison (flex or extend) as part of the reciprocal apparatus?

A

Stifle and hock (tibiotarsal or tarsocrural joint)

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5
Q

Which joint in the equine pelvic limb has the most movement and the largest synovial cavity?

A

Tibiotarsal or tarsocrural joint

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6
Q

Which joint may connect with the tarsometatarsal joint in the equine?

A

Distal intertarsal joint

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7
Q

The proximal intertarsal joint in the equine is continuous with the __________ joint.

A

Tibiotarsal

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8
Q

Which two synovial spaces are interconnected in the equine stifle joint? Why is this important to consider?

A

The femoropatellar and medial femorotibial spaces; infection and injections will spread between the two

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9
Q

The lateral femorotibial synovial space is connected to the medial femorotibial space in the equine. T or F?

A

False: it is separate from all spaces

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10
Q

What are the trochanter on the femur of the equine called and which muscles attach to them?

A 
Greater trochanter (cranial and caudal parts)- Middle and Deep gluteal 
Lesser trochanter- Iliopsoas m. 
Third trochanter-Superficial gluteal
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11
Q

Which three muscles insert on the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

A

Gemelli
External obturator
Internal obturator

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12
Q

The gemelli, quadratus femoris, external obturator, and internal obturator muscles do what to the pelvic limb?

A

Rotate it laterally

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13
Q

Which muscle rotates the pelvic limb medially?

A

Middle Gluteal m.

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14
Q

Whirlbone/whirlbone is caused by the inflammation of what in the equine? What can this result in?

A

Trochanteric bursa; Lameness

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15
Q

Where is the trochanteric bursa located on the equine?

A

Between the tendon of the middle gluteal m. and cranial part of greater trochanter

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16
Q

Which ligament in the equine prevents it from kicking to the side? What is this ligament deep to?

A

Accessory ligament of the femoral head; transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

Which tendon gives rise to the accessory ligament of the femoral head in the equine?

A

The prepubic tendon

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18
Q

Which trochanter of the femur is absent in ruminants?

A

Third Trochanter

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19
Q

The ______________ is on the tibia of horse, but on the fibula of ruminants and carnivores.

A

Lateral malleolus

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20
Q

The ___________ passes over the sustentaculum tali bone and its tendon meets with the ________ on the proximal caudal aspect of the metatarsal III bone.

A

lateral DDF m; medial DDF tendon

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21
Q

What is the suspensory apparatus preventing in the equine?

A

Hyperextension of the fetlock joint

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22
Q

Which part of the femur in the equine serves as the locking part of the patellar locking mechanism?

A

Medial trochlear ridge

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23
Q

Which muscls is most commonly used in the equine for an intramuscular injection?

A

Semimembranosus

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24
Q

What is located between the superficial digital flexor tendon and point of the hock?

A

Subtendinous calcaneal bursa

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25
Q

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the stifle extending the tarsus, and flexing the digits? What about just extending the tarsus and flexing the digits?

A

Superficial digital flexor

Deep digital flexor

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26
Q

The popliteus muscle has a tendon that originates from the _________ and contains a __________. What does this muscle do?

A

lateral condyle of femur; popliteal sesamoid bone; flex stifle

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27
Q

Which muscles originate from the lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur?

A

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius

Superficial digital flexor

28
Q

What muscle attachments counteract flexion of the hock in the equine that is not found in the thoracic limb?

A

Medial and lateral attachments of SDF to the calcaneus

29
Q

Why is the cunean tendon clinically important? (two reasons) What muscles does this tendon originate from?

A

Palpable reference point of distal intertarsal joint;
Can be cut to alleviate on arthritis of distal hock joints;
Cranial Tibial m.

30
Q

Which tarsal bones are fused in the equine?

A

Tarsal I and Tarsal II

31
Q

Which tarsal bones are fused in the Ox?

A

Tarsa II and Tarsal III/ Central Tarsal and IV Tarsal (centroguartale tarsal bone)

32
Q

What lies underneath the cranial tibial muscles in the equine?

A

Peroneus tertius

33
Q

What tendon inserts on Tarsal bones I and II of the quine?

A

Cunean

34
Q

Where do the separate branches of the peroneus tertius m. insert?

A

Lateral branch: calcaneus and tarsal IV

Dorsal branch: Tarsal III and Metatarsal III

35
Q

How does the SDF “cap” the hock in the equine?

A

It starts underneath the gastrocnemius twists around the medial surface of the gastrocnemius tendon toward the calcaneal tuber.

36
Q

Which muscles contribute to the calcanean tendon?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. SDF
  3. Gracilis via crural fascia
  4. Biceps femoris
  5. Semitendinosus
37
Q

The tuber ischia in the ox contributes to it’s _______ butt. The layman’s term for this is called the ______.

A

Square; Pins

38
Q

What will happen if the peroneus tertius is ruptured?

A

Flexed stifle and extended hock

39
Q

What causes “Curb” in horses?

A

Desmitis of the long plantar ligament

40
Q

What ligament is covered by the SDF in the equine and attaches on the proximal part of metatarsus III?

A

Long plantar ligament

41
Q

OCD of the Distal intermediate ridge of the Tibia is referred to as what?

A

DIRT lesions

42
Q

What occurs if the Quadriceps femoris and Biceps femoris muscles in the equine are not strong enough to unlock the patellar ligament?

A

The stifle will remain extended

43
Q

What are the lateral, ventral, and dorsal boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A

Lateral: arcuate line of the ilium
Ventral: pecten of the pubis
Dorsal: promontory of the sacrum

44
Q

What are the lateral, ventral, and dorsal boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A

Lateral: sacrotuberous ligament/superficial gluteal
Ventral: ischiatic arch
Dorsal: first caudal vertebrae

45
Q

The crural extensor retinaculum holds down the ________ and the __________.

A

cranial tibial tendon of insertion; long digital extensor tendon

46
Q

What muscle originates at the extensor fossa of the femur and travels down the extensor groove of the tibia?

A

long digital extensor m.

47
Q

The fibularis longus (peroneus longus) does what to the tarsus and paw?

A

Flexes the tarsus and rotates the paw medially

48
Q

Which muscle is present in the feline, human, and equine, but not in the canine? It includes the triceps surae muscle.

A

Soleus

49
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Cranial: caudal part of sartorius m.
Caudal:pectineus m.
Base:abdominal wall and inguinal ligament

50
Q

What is the opening in the abdominal wall called that allows for passage of the femoral vessels and nerves between the pelvic limb and the abdomen?

A

Vascular lacuna

51
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint and what is it’s anatomical name?

A

Ball and socket(spheroidal); coxofemoral

52
Q

TPO, FHO, and Total Hip are all ways to treat what disease?

A

Hip dysplasia

53
Q

What is attached to the intercondylar fossa of the femur in the canine?

A

Lateral menisci

54
Q

When the cranial cruciate ligament tears in canine, what occurs?

A

Forward movement of the tibia

55
Q

Which minisci has movement with the bones and which is usually damaged when the cranial cruciate ligament tears?

A

Lateral; medial

56
Q

The patella is held in the the trochlea by what structures?

A

Femoral fascia; Medial/lateral femoropatellar ligaments

57
Q

If the hock in the canine drops slightly and the toe curls under, what has happened?

A

Rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon

58
Q

If the calcanean tendon completely ruptures, what will we see?

A

Flat footed animal with a fully dropped hock

59
Q

This structure curves over the proximal aspect of the trochlear tubercle when the patella is on the resting surface in the equine. What is it called?

A

Parapatellar fibrocartilage

60
Q

Why does the ox have a harder time with parturition?

A

The ischium of the ossa coxarum slants dorsally and the initial part of the pelvic canal is narrowed

61
Q

What is considered the gliding surface for the patella in the equine?

A

The groove located between the medial and lateral ridge of the trochlea of the femur

62
Q

What is the purpose of the proximal aspect of the trochlear tubercle of the femur in the equine?

A

It serves as the resting surface for the patella during the patellar locking mechanism

63
Q

In the equine, the long digital extensor tendon and fibularis tertius pass through the extensor groove. What What about in the canine?

A

Only the long digital extensor passes through this groove

64
Q

Which two muscles make up the gluteobiceps muscle, eliminating the need for a third trochanter in the ox?

A

Biceps femoris m. and superficial gluteal m.

65
Q

Where is the accessory gluteal muscle located and on which species?

A

It is part of the middle gluteal m. on the horse

RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Summer 2016 (6 decks)

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