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RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Summer 2016 > Lab practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

______ is known as the “hooks” in bovine

A. Tuber coxae

B. Iliac crest

C. Tuber sacrale

D. Wing

A

Tuber coxae

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2
Q

What forms the dorsal boundary of the carpal canal?

A. Palmar carpal ligament

B. Palmar flexor retinaculum

C. Palmar extensor retinaculum

D. None of the above

A

A. Palmar carpal ligament

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3
Q

Why is the deltoideus not divided into two parts in the horse?

A

Because the horse lacks an acromion therefore, no acromial and scapular parts of the deltoideus.

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4
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint common name?

A

Shoulder joint

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5
Q

What extends from the greater to the lesser tubercle over the inter tubercular groove of the humerus holding the tendon of the biceps brachii in place?

A

The transverse humeral retinaculum

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6
Q

True/False: In the cat, there is an additional supracondylar foramen near the medial aspect of the condyle through which the brachial artery and median nerve pass

A

True

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7
Q

What is known as the “knee” by horse owners?

A

Carpus: comprised of 7-8 carpal bones located within two rows, none which are fused. Carpal bone 1 is absent in about 80%-85% of horses.

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8
Q

What is the intermediate ridge in horses that divides the intertubercular groove and stabilizes the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle as it passes through the intertubercular groove?

A

Intermediate tubercle

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9
Q

Identify the highlighted structure on the pelvic limb:

A

Long digital extensor

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10
Q

What is commonly called the long pastern bone?

A. Middle phalanx

B. Proximal phalanx

C. Distal phalanx

D. None of the above

A

B. Proximal phalanx

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11
Q

Identify the highlighted structure:

A

Supinator

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12
Q

What would happen with the SDF, DDF and the suspensory ligament were all cut?

A

The fetlock would hit the ground

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13
Q

What are the two main central components of the common calcanean tendon?

  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Gracilis
  3. Semitendinosus
  4. Gastrocnemius
  5. Superficial digital flexor
A

The two main central components are composed of the:

Gastrocnemius and the superficial digital flexor

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14
Q

What are the components of the stay apparatus? Hint: There are 6 components

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. lacertus fibrosis
  3. interosseous
  4. proximal sesamoid bones
  5. SDF
  6. DDF
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15
Q

What forms the palmar boundary of the carpal canal?

A

Palmar flexor retinaculum

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16
Q

Identify the highlighted structure on the pelvic limb:

A

Long digital exstensor

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17
Q

Identify the highlighted structure:

A

Acromial head of the deltoideus

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18
Q

What forms the dorsal border of the jugular groove in the horse?

A. Sternocephalicus

B. Cleidomastoideus

C. Omohyoideus

D. None of the above

A

B. Cleidomastoideus of the brachiocephalicus

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19
Q

What is known as the “hunter’s bump” and in what animal is it seen?

A

Tuber sacrale In the horse

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20
Q

What are the components of the reciprocal apparatus?

A

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Fibrous component of the superficial digital flexor and gastrocnemius

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21
Q

The region of articulation between the tibia/talus/fibula/calcaneus is commonly known as:

A

The hock

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22
Q

What muscle(s) originate at the ischiatic tuberosity?

A. Sartorius

B. Semitendinosus

C. Semimembranosus

D. Biceps femoris

E. A and D

F. B and C

G. All of the above

A

F. B and C

The semitendinosus and the semimembranosus both originate at the ischiatic tuberosity

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23
Q

What ligament forms the dorsal boundary of the carpal canal?

A

Palmar carpal ligament

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24
Q

In the horse, what is the name of the apparatus that ensures that the stifle and hock joints move in unison for energy conservation?

A

Reciprocal apparatus

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25
Q

Which muscle does not extend the hip and flex the stifle (non-weight bearing)?

A. Semitendinosus

B. Sartorius

C. Biceps femoris

D. Semimembranosus

E. They all extend the hip and flex the stifle

A

B. Sartorius

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26
Q

What lies beneath the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Subtendinous synovial bursa

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27
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action of Superficial pectoral muscle

A

Origin: First 3 sternebrae; Median fibrous raphe at the ventral midline

Insertion: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: adduct limb (non-weight bearing); Prevent abduction of limb (weight bearing)

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28
Q

True/False: The tendon of the infraspinatus muscle has a subtendinous synovial bursa

A

True

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29
Q

The tendon of which muscle(s) is/are being held down by the crural extensor retinaculum?

A. Cranial tibial

B. Long digital extensor

C. Fibularis longus

D. A and C

E. A and B

F. All of the above

A

E. A and B

The tendons of the cranial tibial and the long digital extensor muscles are held down by the crural extensor retinaculum

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30
Q

What is commonly called the fetlock joint in the horse?

A. Metacarpo/metatarso phalangeal joint

B. Proximal interphalangeal joint

C. Middle interphalangeal joint

D. Distal interphalangeal joint

A

A. Metacarpo/metatarso phalangeal joint

31
Q

Which muscle forms the cranial border of the femoral triangle?

A. Gracilis

B. Pectineus

C. Sartorius

D. Adductor

A

C. Sartorius

32
Q

What would happen if the DDF were severed in the horse?

A

The toe would come up off the ground and hyper extend

33
Q

True/False: The cranial tibial muscle flexes tarsus and rotates the paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally

A

False: The cranial tibial muscle flexes the tarsus and rotates the paw laterally so plantar surface faces medially

34
Q

What muscles makes up the carpal canal? Hint: There are 3 muscles

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Deep digital flexor

Superficial digital flexor

35
Q

True/False: The ventral elastic ligament maintains hyperextension of the distal phalanx and claw in cats?

A

False: The dorsal elastic ligament maintains hyperextension of the distal phalanx and claw in cats

36
Q

Identify the highlighted structure:

A

Longissimus cervicis

37
Q

______ is known as the “pins” in bovine

A. Ischiadic spine

B. Tuber ischii

C. Ischiatic table

D. Ischiatic tuberosity

A

B. Tuber ischii

38
Q

What are the components of the suspensory apparatus in horses?

A

Interosseus

Proximal sesamoid bones

Superficial digital flexor

Deep digital flexor

39
Q

Where does the gemelli originate?

A. Lateral ischium

B. Ventral pelvis

C. Ilium cranial to the acetabulum

D. Isciatic tuberosity

A

A. Lateral ischium

40
Q

Which 5 muscles contribute to the common calcanean tendon?

A

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Gracilis Gastrocnemius Superficial digital flexor

41
Q

Which muscle does not flex the hip?

A. Quadratus femoris

B. Quadriceps femoris

C. Sartorius

D. Iliopsoas

E. None of the above

F. A and C

A

A. Quadratus femoris

42
Q

What joints make up the “knee” in the horse?

A

Radiocarpal joint Mid carpal Joint Carpometacarpal joint

43
Q

Identify the highlighted structure:

A

Iliocostalis

44
Q

Correctly label with bovine, equine, and canine:

45
Q

In the horse, which check ligaments are associated with the SDF and DDF respectively?

A

SDF - proximal check ligament DDF - Distal check ligament

46
Q

What do these muscles have in common? Briefly describe their commonality: gracilis, pectineus and the adductor

A. The point of origin

B. The point of insertion

C. The action

D. Nothing

A

C. The action

They all adduct the limb

Gracilis - also flexes the stifle; extends hip and hock

Pectineus - only adducts limb

Adductor - also extends the hip

47
Q

Where does the semimembranosus originate?

A. Caudoventral ischium

B. Wing of the ilium

C. Ischiatic tiberosity

D. Pelvic side of pubis and ischium

A

C. Ischiatic tuberosity

48
Q

What is commonly known as the pastern joint?

A. Metacarpo/metatarso phalangeal joint

B. Proximal interphalangeal joint

C. Middle interphalangeal joint

D. Distal interphalangeal joint

A

B. Proximal interphalangeal joint

49
Q

Identify the highlighted structure:

A

Pronator teres

50
Q

Which muscle forms the caudal border of the femoral triangle?

A. Sartorius

B. Gracilis

C. Iliopsoas

D. Pectineus

A

D. Pectineus

51
Q

Which 3 muscles extend the hip and abduct the limb?

A

Superficial, middle, and deep gluteal muscles

52
Q

What is the name of the long tendon of the biceps brachii that is a component of the passive stay apparatus of the forelimb in the horse?

A

Lacertus fibrosus

53
Q

What forms the caudal boarder of the jugular groove in the horse?

A. Omohyoideus

B. Sternocephalicus

C. Cleidomastoideus

D. Brachiocephalicus

A

A. Omohyoideus

54
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A. Flexion of digits

B. Adduction of limb and extension of hip

C. Extension of stifle

A

C. Extension of stifle

55
Q

Where does the gracilis and the adductor originate from?

A

The pelvic symphysis via the symphysial tendon

56
Q

The shiny fibrocartilage covering the plantar surface of the proximal sesamoid bones is known as the:

57
Q

What muscle does not insert at the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

A. Internal obturator

B. Gemelli

C. Quadratus femoris

D. External obturator

E. None of the above

A

C. Quadratus femoris - it inserts at the intertrochanteric creist of the femur

58
Q

What tricep head do large animals lack?

A. Long head

B. Lateral head

C. Accessory head

D. Medial head

A

C. Accessory head

59
Q

What is commonly known as the coffin joint?

A. Metacarpo/metatarso phalangeal joint

B. Proximal interphalangeal joint

C. Middle interphalangeal joint

D. Distal interphalangeal joint

A

D. Distal interphalangeal joint

60
Q

What is referred to as the buttons in bovine?

A

medial and lateral splint bones

61
Q

What is the interosseous called in the horse?

A

Suspensory ligament - and it is entirely tendinous

62
Q

In horses, metacarpal III is often called the:

A. Long pastern bones

B. Short pastern bones

C. Cannon bones

D. Coffin

A

C. Cannon bones

63
Q

What is the sleeve called that the superficial digital flexor forms so that the deep digital flexor can pass through?

A

Flexor manica

64
Q

What is the humeroradioulnar joint common name?

A

Elbow or cubital joint

65
Q

In horses, which bone is most affected by compressive forces?

A. Lateral splint bone

B. Medial splint bone

C. Cannon bone

A

B. Medial splint bone Because carpal bone II rests entirely on the medial splint bone

66
Q

What is the OIA of the highlighted structure?

A

Lateral head

of the triceps brachii

Origin: Tricipital line, proximal humerus

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Extend the elbow

67
Q

What is also known as the navicular bone?

A. Proximal sesamoid bone

B. Distal sesamoid bone

A

B. Distal sesamoid bone

68
Q

What forms the palmar boundary of the carpal canal?

A. Palmar carpal ligament

B. Palmar flexor retinaculum

C. Palmar extensor retinaculum

D. None of the above

A

A. Palmar flexor retinaculum

69
Q

Which muscles have a common insertion and what is it?

A. Superficial and middle gluteal muscles

B. Middle and deep gluteal muscles

C. Superficial and deep gluteal muscles

A

B. Middle and deep gluteal muscles

They insert at the greater trochanter of the femur

Bonus fact: Middle gluteal muscle originates from the crest and gluteal surface of the ilium Deep gluteal muscle originates from the body of the ilium and the ischiatic spine

70
Q

What bone makes up the lateral boarder of the carpal canal?

A

Accessory carpal bone

71
Q

What forms the ventral borderof the jugular groove?

A. Brachiocephalicus

B. Omohyoideus

C. Sternocephalicus

D. Cleidomastoideus

A

C. Sternocephalicus

72
Q

What is the foramen in which the brachial artery and the median nerve pass through in cats?

A

Supracondylar foramen in the humerus

73
Q

What are the three annular ligaments that hold down the tendons of the SDF and the DDF?

A

Palmar annular ligament Proximal digital annular ligament Distal digital annular ligament

RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Summer 2016 (6 decks)

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