Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
In which species does the azygous vein persist on the right side of the heart? What about the left?
Canines/Equine
Ruminants/Swine (sometimes bilateral)
Which part of the heart is characterized by the apex and has thicker walls?
Left Ventricle
Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk?
Right Ventricle
Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into aorta?
Left Ventricle
Which part of the heart is next to the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle? What does it contain?
Paraconal interventricular groove; great cardiac vein and left coronary artery
What is located below the coronary sinus of the heart on the atrial surface of the heart? What does it contain?
Subsinuosal interventricular groove; Left coronary artery
Which nerves branch from the cervical spinal nerve II?
Great Auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Which branches of the spinal nerves (dorsal or ventral) innervate the epaxial musculature?
Dorsal
The ventral branches of the spinal nerves innervate the ________ musculature.
Hypaxial
Which nerve innervates the trapezius m.?
Cranial nerve XI/ Accessory Nerve
Which ventral nerve branches innervate the abdominal wall?
T13-L5
What are the names of the L1-L4 ventral nerve branches?
L1: Cranial iliohypogastric n.
L2: Caudal iliohypogastric n.
L3: Ilioinguinal n.
L4: Lateral cutaneous femoral n.
What extends laterally from the prepubic tendon, preventing a horse from side kicking? How?
The accessory ligament of the femoral head; limits movement of the coxofemoral joint.
What is the space called that is continuous with the cervical visceral space and between the left and right pleural cavities?
The mediastinum
What is the junction called between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura?
Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
What do the left and right crural tendons attach to?
The muscular crura of the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebral bodies
What does the plica venae cavae envelop and which side of the body is it located?
caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve; right
What structures are located within the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery
Vagosympathetic trunks
Internal jugular veins
What lies within the central tendon of the diaphragm to the right of the median plane and transmits the caudal vena cava?
Caval Foramen
What are the two main areas of herniation in the canine?
Lumbocostal arch of the diaphragm
Lumbodiaphragmatic recess of the diaphragm
What is the area called that is between the diaphragmatic crura and vertebra and allows passage of the major splanchnic nerve?
Lumbocostal arch
From which nerves do the right and left phrenic nerves originate in the canine? What about the feline? Are these nerves somatic or autonomic?
Ventral branches of spinal nerves C4, C5, C6, C7
Ventral branches of spinal nerves C4,C5,C6
Somatic
Which arteries supply the diaphragm?
Musculophrenic artery (branch off the internal thoracic artery) Caudal phrenic artery
What is the “glue”called that attaches the pleura to the thoracic walls?
Endothoracic fascia
What pocket/recess is located at the thoracic inlet and is susceptible to puncture wounds with collapse of the right lung in large animals?
Pleural cupula
Within which recess is the accessory lobe of the lung located?
Mediastinal recess
What are the two recess called that are located between where the costal pleura reflects to the ventral thoracic wall and the diaphragm?
Costomediastinal; costodiaphragmatic
What supplies somatic innervation to the larynx? Describe the pathway of the right and left nerves.
Left and Right recurrent laryngeal nerves.
The left curves around the ligamentum arteriosum/aortic arch.
The right curves around the right subclavian artery. Both originate from the vagus nerve.
Which lymphatic structures are located within the mediastinum?
Thoracic Duct
Sternal Lymph nodes
Mediastinal Lymph nodes
Tracheobronchial Lymph nodes
The trachea and bronchial tree are part of the ______portion of the respiratory system.
Conducting
What respiratory structures are part of the exchange portion?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar Sacs
Alveolus
Which species has only a cranial and caudal lobe of the left lung?
Horse
If a certain animals has no middle lobe in the right lung, it is most likely a _____.
Horse
Which type of animal has a divided cranial lobe in the left and right lung?
Ruminants
The three unpaired arteries of the gastrointestinal organs and spleen are the __________,________, and _________.
The celiac artery, the cranial mesenteric artery, and the caudal mesenteric artery
What are the names of the paired vessels in the abdomen?
- Lumbar arteries
- Phrenicoabdominal a. and v. with caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal a. and v.
- Renal a. and v.
- Ovarian a. and v.
- Testicular a. and v.
- Deep circumflex iliac a. and v.
What does the hepatic artery supply?
The liver, parts of stomach, duodenum and pancreas
What does the splenic artery branch off into?= and what does it supply?
Left gastroepiploic artery; spleen and left lobe of pancreas
Where does the left gastric artery come from and where does it go?
The celiac artery and continues along the lesser curvature of the stomach anastomosing with the right gastric artery.
Where does the right gastric artery come from and where does it go?
The hepatic artery and goes along the lesser curvature of the stomach anastomosing with the left gastric artery.
Which artery does the right gastroepiploic artery and cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?
The gastroduodenal artery which branched off the hepatic artery.
Which artery supplies the right lobe of the pancreas and the duodenum?
Cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery
What organs (specifically what part) are supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery?
The greater omentum and greater curvature of the stomach
Which artery can be used to approximate the length of the ileum in the dog? What species does not have this artery?
Antimesenteric ileal artery ; Horse
What is considered the largest gland of the body?
The liver
Where is the gallbladder located?
In between the right medial lobe and the quadrate lobes of the liver
What is the name of the structure that transmits hepatic vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and the bile duct to/from the liver?
The porta of the liver
Where is the round ligament of the liver located?
Quadrate lobe and left medial lobe of liver (only in younger dogs)
What does volvulus refer to?
Gastric dilation: excessive dilation of stomach paired with twisting of stomach around it’s longitudinal axis.
Where would you want to make an incision in stomach in order to gain access to it? Why?
Parietal surface of stomach because it is avascular.
What does the root of the mesentery contain and where does it attach?
Cranial mesenteric artery and jejunal lymph nodes;
Abdominal wall next to second lumbar vertebra
What is the duodenocolic fold attached to?
Portion of mesentery attached from ascending duodenum to descending colon
Is the spleen located in the superficial or deep leaf of the greater omentum?
Superficial
What are the two common types of tumors found on the spleen?
Hemangiosarcomas and Hematomas
Where does the bile duct open at?
The major duodenal papilla
True or False: The kidney are not retroperitoneal.
False
Which artery supplies the caudodorsal quadrant of the abdomen?
Deep Circumflex iliac a.
Which part of the abdomen is supplied by the caudal epigastric and superficial caudal epigastric arteries?
Caudo Ventral quadrant
Which artery supplies the cranial dorsal quadrant of the abdomen?
Phrenicoabdominal a.
Which part of the abdomen is supplied by the cranial epigastric and cranial superficial epigastric arteries?
Cranial Ventral quadrant
What are the three branches of the internal thoracic artery?
- Ventral Intercostal aa.
- Musculophrenic a.
- Cranial epigastric a.
Which cranial nerves have autonomic components?
Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X
Nuclei are considered ______matter, while tracts are considered _______matter.
Grey; white
A dendrite is the _______ portion of the neuron whereas the axon is the _______ portion.
Receiving; conducting
Where is the trabecula septomarginalis dextra located?
The right ventricle of heart