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S7- Special Populations > Pelvic Health > Flashcards

Pelvic Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the pelvic region? (6)

A
  • Ilium
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ischial spine
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2
Q

What are the ligamentous support structures of the pelvis? (3)

A
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Sacrospinous ligament
  • Numerous visceroskeletal ligaments
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3
Q

What are the fascial supporters of the pelvis?

A
  • Urogenital diaphragm
  • Obturator fascia
  • ATLA
  • ATFP
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4
Q

The coccyx is a small triangular bone with 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae. What is the normal position of the coccyx in standing?

A

Normal Position = 20-45 degrees of flexion at sacrococcygeus joint

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5
Q

Available Movement at Sacrococcygeus Joint:

  • Flexion/Extension = ___ degrees
  • Sidebending = ___cm
  • Rotation = ___-___ degrees
A
  • Flexion/Extension = 30 degrees
  • Sidebending = 1 cm
  • Rotation = 20-30 degrees
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6
Q

When does movement of the Sacrococcyx joint occur? (4)

A
  • Defecation
  • Labor/Delivery
  • Breathing
  • Positional Changes
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7
Q

What are the (3) layers of the pelvic floor muscles?

A
  • 1st Layer = Superficial Perineal Muscles
  • 2nd Later = Deep Urogenital Diaphragm
  • 3rd Layer = Pelvic Diaphragm
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8
Q

What are the muscles of the first layer (Superficial Perineal Muscles)? (4)

A
  • Bulbocavernous
  • Ischiocavernous
  • Superficial Transverse Perineals
  • External Anal Sphincter
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9
Q

What are the muscles of the second layer (Deep Urogenital Diaphragm)? (2)

A
  • Compressor Urethrae

- Sphincter Urethrae

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the third layer (Pelvic Diaphragm)? (3)

A
  • Levator Ani (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, coccygeus)
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator Internus
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11
Q

What are the risk factors for urinary incontinence? (9)

A
  • Childbirth
  • Obesity (abdominal girth)
  • Smoking
  • Caffeine and alcohol
  • High impact physical activity
  • Menopause
  • Neurological conditions
  • Pelvic surgery
  • Pelvic floor muscle weakness/prolapse
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12
Q

What is Pudendal Neuralgia?

A

Pain along the distribution of the pudendal nerve; pan is of severe throbbing or stabbing character in the course or distribution of the nerve.

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13
Q

What are the (4) etiologies of Pudendal Neuralgia and some activities associated with each?

A

Tension

  • Straining from constipation
  • Strenuous squatting
  • Childbirth

Compression

  • Cycling
  • Horseback riding
  • Prolonged sitting

Surgical Insult

  • pelvic reconstruction
  • hysterectomy

Visceral-somatic Interaction

  • chronic UTI
  • yeast infections
  • chronic bacterial prostatitis
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14
Q

What are some common symptoms of Pudendal Neuralgia? (8)

A
  • Pain with sitting (decreases with standing)
  • Urinary dysfunction (urgency/frequency, hesitancy, pain)
  • Bowel dysfunction
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Genital and/or anal pain
  • Feeling of fullness in the rectum/vagina
  • Burning, shooting, stabbing pain
  • Decreased pain when sitting on the toilet
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15
Q

What is Coccydynia?

A

Pain in or around the bony structure at the bottom of the spine (coccyx, or tailbone).

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16
Q

What is the presentation of Coccydynia? (4)

A
  • Pain with sitting directly over the coccyx.
  • Pain moving from sit to stand.
  • Pain with bowel movements.
  • Tenderness on internal and external palpation.
17
Q

What are some treatment methods for Coccydynia? (5)

A
  • External/Internal coccyx mobilization.
  • Glute max strengthening to self-mobilize the flexed coccyx.
  • EMG biofeedback for hypertonus of the coccygeus.
  • Seating support.
  • Posture education.
18
Q

What treatment methods are contraindicated during pregnancy? (5)

A
  • E-stim in pelvic region.
  • Therapeutic US in the area of pelvis.
  • High-impact activities.
  • Aggressive manipulating or stretching.
  • Heat over abdomen during 1st trimester.
19
Q

Exercise During Pregnancy:

  • Is exercise recommended during pregnancy?
  • Moderate intensity of exercise ___-___ minutes/day.
  • Exercises during pregnancy should be focused on improving what? (6)
  • What is the goal of exercise during pregnancy?
A
  • Yes, provided there are no medical/OB complications.
  • 20-30 min/day
  • balance, stability, strength, LB, pelvis, PF, and TA
  • Goal is to MAINTAIN fitness
20
Q

Benefits of Exercise During Pregnancy:

  • Reduces _______, _______, and ______________.
  • Improves _________ capacity and _____.
  • Helps counteract increased IAP, hormonally mediated reduction in urethral closure.
  • Counteracts _______.
  • Reduced risk of ________ ______ in obese women.
  • 35-43% reduction in risk of __________ in first 20 weeks.
  • Lower incidence of _________ symptoms.
A
  • fatigue, varicosities, and peripheral edema
  • aerobic capacity and BP
  • counteracts laxity
  • gestational diabetes
  • preeclampsia
  • depressive symptoms
21
Q

What is Diastasis Recti Abdominis?

A

Separation of the linea abla at the midline of the rectus abdominis.

22
Q

How is Diastasis Recti Abdominis measured?

A
  • Finger width above and below the umbilicus.
  • 3 fingers considered clinically significant.
  • Check for separation during abdominal contractions
23
Q

What is an exercise consideration for Diastasis Recti Abdominis?

A

Bracing with a towel or sheet and use taping or an abdominal binder during exercise.

24
Q

SIJ Dysfunction:

  • Use the concepts of _________ to treat the SIJ.
  • Utilize specific SIJ examination methods.
  • Treatment of SIJ Dysfunction includes _______ techniques and ______ _______ retraining.
A
  • motor control

- manual techniques and motor control retraining

S7- Special Populations (18 decks)

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