Pelvic Girdle, Lower Limb, And Joints Reagan Winter

Question 1

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 1

Portion of the skeleton that supports and attaches the upper limbs. Consists of two coxae, which articulate with each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly.

Question 2

Coxae

Answer 2

Hip bone or hip joint.

Question 3

Pelvis

Answer 3

Bony ring formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and the pelvic girdle. (Bowl shaped)

Question 4

Ilium

Answer 4

Largest and uppermost portion of the coax, flares outward, forming the prominence of the hip.

Question 5

Ischium

Answer 5

Forms the lowest portion of the hip bone.

Question 6

Pubis

Answer 6

Constitutes the anterior portion of the hip bone.

Question 7

Femur

Answer 7

Thigh bone. The longest bone in the body. Extends from the hip to the knee.

Question 8

Patella

Answer 8

Kneecap. Located in a tendon that passes anteriorly over the knee.

Question 9

Tibia

Answer 9

Shin bone. The larger of the two leg bones and is located on the medial side.

Question 10

Fibula

Answer 10

Long, slender bone located on the lateral side of the tibia.

Question 11

Tarsal Bones

Answer 11

Seven bones in the ankle.

Question 12

Talus

Answer 12

The large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and the calcaneum and navicular bone of the foot.

Question 13

Calcaneous

Answer 13

The heel bone. Connects with the talus and cuboid bones. The connection between the talus and calcaneus forms the subtalar joint.

Question 14

Metatarsal Bones

Answer 14

A group of five long bones in the foot. They are located between the tarsals and phalanges.

Question 15

Phalanges

Answer 15

The toes.

Question 16

Joints

Answer 16

Functional junctions between bones. They bind parts of the skeletal system, make possible bone growth, permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth, and enable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions.

Question 17

Fibrous Joints

Answer 17

Two or more bones joined by connective tissue that includes many fibers. They lie between bones that closely contact one another. They do not move.

Question 18

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 18

Two or more bones joined by cartilage. Allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint.

Question 19

Synovial Joints

Answer 19

A freely moveable joint. It is filled with synovial fluid.

Question 20

Menisci

Answer 20

Flattened, shock absorbing pads of fibrocartilage.

Question 21

Bursae

Answer 21

Fluid filled sacs. Each is lined with synovial membrane. They are commonly located between tendons and underlying bony prominences.

Question 22

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 22

Consists of a bone with a ball shaped head that articulates with the cup shaped cavity of another bone.

Question 23

Condyloid Joint

Answer 23

An oval shaped condyle, of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, as in the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. Rotational movement is not possible.

Question 24

Gliding Joint

Answer 24

Joint formed between bones that meet at flat or nearly flat articular surfaces. Gliding joints allow the bones to glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint – up and down, left and right, and diagonally.

Question 25

Hinge Joint

Answer 25

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. Are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.

Question 26

Pivot Joint

Answer 26

The cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament, movement is limited to the rotation around a central axis.

Question 27

Saddle Joint

Answer 27

Forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another. Has a variety of movements.

Question 28

Insertion

Answer 28

The point or mode of attachment of a skeletal muscle to the bone or other body part that it moves.

Question 29

Origin

Answer 29

The attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction.

Question 30

Flexion

Answer 30

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together.

Question 31

Extension

Answer 31

Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart.

Question 32

Dorsiflexion

Answer 32

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin. (Upward)

Question 33

Plantarflexion

Answer 33

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole. (Downward)

Question 34

Hyperextension

Answer 34

Excess extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position. (Bending the head back)

Question 35

Abduction

Answer 35

Moving a part away from the midline.

Question 36

Adduction

Answer 36

Moving a part toward the midline.

Question 37

Rotation

Answer 37

Moving a part around an axis.

Question 38

Circumduction

Answer 38

Moving a part so that it’s end follows a circular path.

Question 39

Pronantion

Answer 39

Turning the hand so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly.

Question 40

Supination

Answer 40

Turning the hand so that the palm is facing upward or anteriorly.

Question 41

Eversion

Answer 41

Turning the foot so that the sole faces laterally.

Question 42

Inversion

Answer 42

Turning the foot so that the sole faces medially.

Question 43

Retraction

Answer 43

Moving a part backward.

Question 44

Protraction

Answer 44

Moving a part forward.

Question 45

Elevation

Answer 45

Raising a part.

Question 46

Depression

Answer 46

Lowering a part.