Pelvic Contents Flashcards
Name the two pouches in the peritoneum in Females
Rectouterine (between rectum and uterus) and Vesicouterine (between bladder and uterus)
Name the single pouch in the peritoneum in Males
Vesicorectal pouch (between the bladder and rectum)
Is the bladder retroperitoneal or infraperitoneal?
infraperitoneal
What is the name given to the fibrous tissue coming off the apex of the bladder
the urachus
What is the bladder composed of?
Rugae and Transitional epithelium
What does the Transitional Epithelium act as?
a waterproof lining; protects bladder tissue from toxic waste in urine
Where is the apex of the bladder?
Posterior to the pubic symphysis (urachus)
What is the trigone of the bladder?
A triangular area of smooth mucous membrane at base of the bladder
What is found at the 3 corners of the trigone?
Upper two corners are where the ureters enter, the bottom corner is where the urethra exits
What is the muscular coat of smooth muscle surrounding the bladder called?
the Detrusor muscle
What band of skeletal muscle allows the control of the passing of urine?
Sphincter Vesicae (internal sphincter)
Is the sphincter vesicae complete?
No
What ligament holds the neck of the neck of the bladder in place?
Males = Puboprostatic Females = Pubovesical
Where is the sphincter urethrae found?
in urogenital diaphragm
Is sphincter urethrae voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary smooth muscle
Which muscle supports the pelvic floor and neck of the bladder?
Levator ani
Describe the vasculature of the bladder in Males
Two superior vesical arteries and two inferior vesicle arteries
Describe the vasculature of the the bladder in Females
Two superior vesical arteries and two vaginal arteries
What main artery does blood from the bladder originate from?
The internal iliac arteries
What is the name given to the venous plexus formed to drain vessels around the bladder?
Vesical venous plexus (which drains to the internal iliac)
Where does the bladder receive innervation from?
ANS inferior hypogastric plexus
Where does most of the Lymph from the bladder region drain to?
Internal iliac nodes
Where does Lymph from the top of the bladder drain to?
External iliac nodes
Where can lymph from close to the pelvic floor (urethra) drain to in females?
sacral nodes
Where does lymph from around the spongey urethra drain to?
deep inguinal nodes
Where does lymph from ureter drain to?
Lumbar, common iliac, external iliac and internal iliac as they descend towards bladder
Where does the rectum run from and to?
3rd Sacral vertebrae, to the tip of the coccyx
Describe the peritoneum of the rectum
upper 1/3 = visceral peritoneum
middle 1/3 = peritoneum on anterior surface
lower 1/3 = infraperitoneal structure
What does the rectum turn into after it hits the pelvic floor?
The anal canal
What feature does the rectum contain for storage?
3 transverse folds
Which other storage feature sits below these transverse folds?
the Rectal ampulla
What does the Levator Ani create around the rectum?
Puborectalis (sling like structure) - helps with faecal continence.
Are the sphincters of the rectum voluntary or involuntary?
Internal = involuntary External = voluntary
What are the 3 main arterial supplies of the rectum (and where do they originate)?
- Superior rectal artery (inferior mesenteric)
- Middle rectal artery (internal iliac)
- Lower rectal artery (internal pudendal)
What are the 3 main veins that drain the rectum (and where do they drain to)?
- Superior rectal vein (Portal vein then Portal)
- Middle rectal vein (Internal iliac then IVC)
- Inferior rectal vein (internal pudendal then IVC)
Which nodes does lymph from rectum drain to?
Para-rectal nodes to inferior mesenteric and internal iliac nodes
Where does the rectum receive innervation from?
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Name the 3 sections of the broad ligament
- Mesometruim
- Mesovarium (ovaries)
- Mesosalpinx (uterine tubes)
Name the 3 areas of the uterus
Fundus (top), Body, Cervix
Where does the cervix open into?
The vaginal canal
Name the ends of the uterine tubes that open into ovaries
Fimbrae (jagged like projections)
Where does the ovarian artery originate and what does it supply?
Direct branch from abdominal aorta; supplies the uterine tubes, ovaries and the fundus of uterus
Where does the uterine artery originate and what does it supply?
Internal iliac artery; supplies the bod and cervix of the uterus
