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Anatomy - Semester 2 > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Which tendon passes over the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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2
Q

What does the quadriceps tendon become?

A

Patellar Ligament

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3
Q

How many articulations occur at the knee joint?

A

3

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4
Q

Name the articulations at the knee joint

A

Femoropatellar (x1)

Femorotibial (x2)

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5
Q

What part of the Femur articulates with the Tibia

A

2 rounded condyles

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6
Q

What is the space between the two condyles of the Femur called?

A

The intercondyler fossa/ notch

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7
Q

Where does the Patella articulate with the femur

A

The Patellar surface

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8
Q

What structure covers the inner surface of the fat pads either side of the patellar ligament

A

The medial and lateral Alar folds

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9
Q

What do the Alar folds converge to make?

A

a single band called the Infrapatellar synovial fold (drapes over cruciate ligaments)

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10
Q

What is the function of the bursae within the knee joints?

A

allow structures to run close to bone and still move freely without friction

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11
Q

Where are the bursae in communication with the knee?

A

The synovial cavity

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12
Q

Name the bursae of the knee joint

A
  1. Suprapatellar bursa
  2. Popliteus bursa
  3. Gastrocnemius bursa
  4. Semimembranosus bursa
    Less important 2:
  5. subcutaneous prepatellar
  6. subcutaneous infrapatellar
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13
Q

what are the two types of ligaments within the knee joint?

A

Extracapsular and intracapsular

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14
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments

A

Oblique popliteal; Arcuate popliteal; Lateral Collateral; Medial Collateral

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15
Q

Name the intracapsular ligaments

A

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate ligaments

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16
Q

What is the oblique popliteal an expansion of?

A

Semimembranosus tendon

17
Q

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

A

Reinforces the posterior capsule

18
Q

What is the acruate ligament a thickening of?

A

The capsule over the popliteus muscle

19
Q

What is the function of the acruate ligament

A

Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule

20
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from and to?

A

the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

21
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from and to?

A

the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral head of the fibula

22
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

A

they prevent the side to side displacement of the knee

23
Q

What happens to the cruciate ligaments during medial rotation of the tibia?

A

they wind around each other; Limited to 10 degrees

24
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed

25
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia; preventing hyper extension

26
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament extend from and to?

A

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to the medial side of lateral condyle of the femur

27
Q

Name the two ACL bands and what they limit

A

Anteromedial band limits flexion; posterolateral band limits extension

28
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from and to?

A

Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

29
Q

Name the two PCL bands and what they limit

A

Anterolateral band limits flexion; Posteromedial band limits extension

30
Q

Why is the PCL band important when the knee is flexed?

A

it holds all of the body weight; transfers weight from the femur to the tibia

31
Q

What are menisci and what do they do?

A

They are wedges of fibrocartilage and they act as shock absorbers

32
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

A

firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

33
Q

Is the lateral meniscus freely moveable?

A

Yes

34
Q

What shape is the medial meniscus?

A

C-shaped

35
Q

What shape is the lateral meniscus?

A

Circular

36
Q

Describe branches that make up the Periarticular Genicular Anastomosis (blood supply of knee)

A
  • 5 Genicular branches from Popliteal artery
  • Descending genicular branch from Femoral artery
  • Descending branch from lateral circumflex of Femoral artery
  • Recurrent branches from anterior & Posterior Tibial arteries.
37
Q

Give the name of the anastomosis that forms around the knee

A

Periarticular Genicular Anastomosis

Anatomy - Semester 2 (6 decks)

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