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Regional and Sectional Anatomy > Pelvic Cavity and its contents > Flashcards

Pelvic Cavity and its contents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic cavity?

A

lies below the pelvic inlet and pelvic brim

bounded inferior by the pelvic diaphragm/floor

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2
Q

What is the difference between the pelvic brim and the pelvic inlet?

A

The pelvic brim is the ‘doorframe’

while the pelvic inlet is the opening (also called the superior pelvic aperture

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3
Q

What are the four main features of sexual dimorphism?

A
  1. shape of pelvic inlet
  2. subpubic angle/arch
  3. shape of greater sciatic notch
  4. shape of obturator foramen
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4
Q

How are the bony pelves classified?

A

the relative lengths of the AP (anterior to posterior) and transverse axes

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5
Q

What are the four different bony pelves?

A

gynecoid
android
platypelloid
anthropoid

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6
Q

What is a gynecoid pelvis?

A

Oval-shaped inlet (43%)

Typical female

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7
Q

What is an android pelvis?

A

Heart-shaped inlet (33%)

Typical male

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8
Q

What is a platypelloid pelvis?

A

AP diameter

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9
Q

What is an anthropoid pelvis?

A

AP diameter > coronal diameter (24%)

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10
Q

What is the difference between the greater sciatic notch for an android pelvis vs a gynecoid pelvis?

A

The females (gynecoid) pelvis has a wider greater sciatic notch

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic wall and pelvic floor/diaphragm?

A 
pelvic walls: (post. & lat.)
piriformis x2
obturator internus x2
Pelvic floor: (central)
levator ani and its three parts x2
coccygeus x2
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12
Q

Which muscle makes up the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

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13
Q

How many sacral plexus do we have?

A

2- right and left

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14
Q

Which ventral rami spinal nerves form the sacral plexus?

A

The ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

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15
Q

What are the two major peripheral nerves and what do they innervate?

A

Sciatic nerve- Starts in pelvis and finishes at foot

Pudendal nerve- supplies the perineum

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16
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal nerve

A

The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, then wraps around the ischial spine, then goes on to supply the perineum

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17
Q

What are the organs and structures of the male pelvis?

A 
Peritoneal cavity
Pelvic ureters
Urinary bladder
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Blood vessels
Lymphatics
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18
Q

What lines the pelvic cavity?

A

Visceral periotoneum

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19
Q

What is the rectovescical pouch?

A

This is a potential space that sits between the rectum and the bladder and just inferior to the sigmoid colon

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20
Q

What is the shape of the prostate gland and its typical dimensions?

A

Conical shape
Size (adults up to 45y)
Transverse 4cm, Height 3cm, AP 2cm

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21
Q

What are the five surfaces of the prostate gland?

A

Superior surface or base
Anterior surface
Inferoposterior surface
Lateral surfaces x2

22
Q

What two vessels join to form the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Ductus deferens and the seminal vescicles

23
Q

Where do the two ejaculatory ducts empty into?

A

The prostatic urethra

24
Q

What is the prostatic urethra?

A

The region of the urethra that passes through the prostate

25
Q

What are the main features of the prostatic urethra? (posterior wall)

A

Urethral crest and its seminal colliculus
Prostatic sinuses and openings of the prostatic excretory ducts
Ejaculatory opening/utricle

26
Q

What is the urethral crest?

A

This is the raised area on the posterial wall of the prostatic urethra

27
Q

What is the seminal colliculus?

A

The seminal colliculus is the elevated portion of the urethral crest in which the ejaculatory ducts and the prostatic utricle open

28
Q

Where does the urogenital diaphragm sit in relation to the prostate gland?

A

The urogenital diaphragm sits inferior to the prostate gland

29
Q

What type of tissue is the prostate gland composed of?

A

Glandular tissue

(consists of numerous tubuloalveolar glands

30
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the prostate gland?

A

Anterior lobe
Median/middle lobe
Lateral lobes x2
Inferoposterior/posterior lobe

31
Q

Where does the median/middle lobe sit?

A

The median/middle lobes lies between the prostatic urethra and the ejaculatory ducts

32
Q

Where does the levator ani muscles sit in relation to the prostate gland?

A

The levotr ani/ pelvic diaphragm lie lateral to the prostate

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the male pelvic cavity?

A

Internal iliac arteries (x2)
Median/middle sacral artery
Superior rectal artery (x2)

34
Q

What are the internal iliac arteries?

A

These arteries supply the pelvic cavity
The common iliac arteries bifurcate into the external and internal iliac arteries
Contains an anterior and posterior trunk

35
Q

What is the median/middle sacral artery?

A

The median//middle sacral artery is a branch off the bifurcation of the aorta into the common iliac arteries
This artery runs along the midline of the sacrum

36
Q

What are the superior rectal arteries?

A

These are a terminal branch o the inferior mesenteric artery

37
Q

What do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into?

A

The internal and external iliac arteries

38
Q

Where does the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery course?

A

The posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery moves through the sacral plexus, adjacent to the piriformis muscle

39
Q

What is the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

A

The anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery has numerous intermediary branches
Supplies the pelvic organs (including uterus)
Terminates as the internal pudendal artery

40
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve course?

A

The pudendal nerve is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4, it then extends from the sacral plexus, through the pudendal canal and perineum

41
Q

What are the structures of the female pelvic cavity?

A 
peritoneal cavity
peritoneal folds/ ligaments
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
bagina
pelvic ureters
urinary bladder
sigmoid colon
rectum blood vessels
lymphatics
42
Q

What is the uterovesical pouch?

A

Also called anterior culdesac
anterior to uterus
sits between uterus and bladder
recess of the peritoneal cavity

43
Q

What is the rectouterine pounch?

A

Also called pouch of Douglas/ posterior culdesac
posterior to uterus
sits between rectum and uterus
recess of the peritoneal cavity

44
Q

What are the average measurements and size of the uterus?

A

hollow, thick wall, pear-shaped

7.5cm lon, 5cm wide and 2.5cm thick

45
Q

What are the three parts of the uterus?

A

fundus, body and cervix

46
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus when the bladder is empty?

A

anteverted and anteflexed

47
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus?

A

ovarian artery and branch of the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

48
Q

What is anteflexed?

A

angle between the cervix and uterus

49
Q

What is anteverted?

A

angle between the vaginal axis and cervical axis

50
Q

What is retroversion?

A

The angle between the vaginal and the cervical axis is beyond 100 degrees (tilted towards the rectum

51
Q

What is retroflexion?

A

The angle between the cervical and uterus axis is greater than 100 degree (tilted towards the rectum)

52
Q

What is the blood supply to the female pelvic cavity?

A

ovarian arteries x2
superior rectal artery
internal iliac artery x2
median/middle sacral artery

Regional and Sectional Anatomy (9 decks)

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