Pelvic Cavity and its contents Flashcards by Meg-Georgia-Teague -

What are the boundaries of the pelvic cavity?

lies below the pelvic inlet and pelvic brim

bounded inferior by the pelvic diaphragm/floor

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What is the difference between the pelvic brim and the pelvic inlet?

The pelvic brim is the ‘doorframe’

while the pelvic inlet is the opening (also called the superior pelvic aperture

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What are the four main features of sexual dimorphism?

shape of pelvic inlet
subpubic angle/arch
shape of greater sciatic notch
shape of obturator foramen

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How are the bony pelves classified?

the relative lengths of the AP (anterior to posterior) and transverse axes

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What are the four different bony pelves?

gynecoid
android
platypelloid
anthropoid

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What is a gynecoid pelvis?

Oval-shaped inlet (43%)

Typical female

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What is an android pelvis?

Heart-shaped inlet (33%)

Typical male

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What is a platypelloid pelvis?

AP diameter

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What is an anthropoid pelvis?

AP diameter > coronal diameter (24%)

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What is the difference between the greater sciatic notch for an android pelvis vs a gynecoid pelvis?

The females (gynecoid) pelvis has a wider greater sciatic notch

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What are the muscles of the pelvic wall and pelvic floor/diaphragm?

pelvic walls: (post. &amp; lat.)
piriformis x2
obturator internus x2
Pelvic floor: (central)
levator ani and its three parts x2
coccygeus x2

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Which muscle makes up the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

Levator ani

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How many sacral plexus do we have?

2- right and left

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Which ventral rami spinal nerves form the sacral plexus?

The ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

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What are the two major peripheral nerves and what do they innervate?

Sciatic nerve- Starts in pelvis and finishes at foot

Pudendal nerve- supplies the perineum

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Describe the course of the pudendal nerve

The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, then wraps around the ischial spine, then goes on to supply the perineum

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What are the organs and structures of the male pelvis?

Peritoneal cavity
Pelvic ureters
Urinary bladder
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Blood vessels
Lymphatics

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What lines the pelvic cavity?

Visceral periotoneum

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What is the rectovescical pouch?

This is a potential space that sits between the rectum and the bladder and just inferior to the sigmoid colon

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What is the shape of the prostate gland and its typical dimensions?

Conical shape
Size (adults up to 45y)
Transverse 4cm, Height 3cm, AP 2cm

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What are the five surfaces of the prostate gland?

Superior surface or base
Anterior surface
Inferoposterior surface
Lateral surfaces x2

What two vessels join to form the ejaculatory ducts?

Ductus deferens and the seminal vescicles

Where do the two ejaculatory ducts empty into?

The prostatic urethra

What is the prostatic urethra?

The region of the urethra that passes through the prostate

What are the main features of the prostatic urethra? (posterior wall)

Urethral crest and its seminal colliculus Prostatic sinuses and openings of the prostatic excretory ducts Ejaculatory opening/utricle

What is the urethral crest?

This is the raised area on the posterial wall of the prostatic urethra

What is the seminal colliculus?

The seminal colliculus is the elevated portion of the urethral crest in which the ejaculatory ducts and the prostatic utricle open

Where does the urogenital diaphragm sit in relation to the prostate gland?

The urogenital diaphragm sits inferior to the prostate gland

What type of tissue is the prostate gland composed of?

Glandular tissue | (consists of numerous tubuloalveolar glands

What are the 5 lobes of the prostate gland?

Anterior lobe Median/middle lobe Lateral lobes x2 Inferoposterior/posterior lobe

Where does the median/middle lobe sit?

The median/middle lobes lies between the prostatic urethra and the ejaculatory ducts

Where does the levator ani muscles sit in relation to the prostate gland?

The levotr ani/ pelvic diaphragm lie lateral to the prostate

What is the blood supply to the male pelvic cavity?

Internal iliac arteries (x2) Median/middle sacral artery Superior rectal artery (x2)

What are the internal iliac arteries?

These arteries supply the pelvic cavity The common iliac arteries bifurcate into the external and internal iliac arteries Contains an anterior and posterior trunk

What is the median/middle sacral artery?

The median//middle sacral artery is a branch off the bifurcation of the aorta into the common iliac arteries This artery runs along the midline of the sacrum

What are the superior rectal arteries?

These are a terminal branch o the inferior mesenteric artery

What do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into?

The internal and external iliac arteries

Where does the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery course?

The posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery moves through the sacral plexus, adjacent to the piriformis muscle

What is the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

The anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery has numerous intermediary branches Supplies the pelvic organs (including uterus) Terminates as the internal pudendal artery

Where does the pudendal nerve course?

The pudendal nerve is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4, it then extends from the sacral plexus, through the pudendal canal and perineum

What are the structures of the female pelvic cavity?

``` peritoneal cavity peritoneal folds/ ligaments ovaries uterine tubes uterus bagina pelvic ureters urinary bladder sigmoid colon rectum blood vessels lymphatics ```

What is the uterovesical pouch?

Also called anterior culdesac anterior to uterus sits between uterus and bladder recess of the peritoneal cavity

What is the rectouterine pounch?

Also called pouch of Douglas/ posterior culdesac posterior to uterus sits between rectum and uterus recess of the peritoneal cavity

What are the average measurements and size of the uterus?

hollow, thick wall, pear-shaped | 7.5cm lon, 5cm wide and 2.5cm thick

What are the three parts of the uterus?

fundus, body and cervix

What is the normal position of the uterus when the bladder is empty?

anteverted and anteflexed

What is the blood supply to the uterus?

ovarian artery and branch of the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

What is anteflexed?

angle between the cervix and uterus

What is anteverted?

angle between the vaginal axis and cervical axis

What is retroversion?

The angle between the vaginal and the cervical axis is beyond 100 degrees (tilted towards the rectum

What is retroflexion?

The angle between the cervical and uterus axis is greater than 100 degree (tilted towards the rectum)

What is the blood supply to the female pelvic cavity?

ovarian arteries x2 superior rectal artery internal iliac artery x2 median/middle sacral artery