Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Regional and Sectional Anatomy > Intracranial Structures > Flashcards

Intracranial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers of dura mater are around the brain, and what are they?

A

2 layers

endosteal and meningeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the endosteal layer of the dura mater?

A

most superficial layer (in contact with the bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the meningeal layer of the dura mater?

A

layer deep to the endosteal layer, in contact with the arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Sinuses that lie between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater
Collecting pools of blood, which drain the central nervous system, face and scalp
The spaces between the endosteal and meningeal layers create a passageway for venous blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which layer of dura mater forms the dura mater around the spinal cord?

A

Meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main dural venous sinuses?

A 
superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus
confluence of sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between the subdural space and the subarachnoid space?

A

subdural space = potential space

subarachnoid space = real space; contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four main dural folds of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Falx cerebri?

A

a longitudinal fissure of the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Falx cerebelli?

A

Short dural reflection between the cerebellar hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Tentorium cerebelli?

A

Separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes of cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Diaphragma sellae?

A

the roof of the sella turcica; protects the pituitary gland

an extension of the meningeal over the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Through which meningeal layer do the cerebral blood vessels course?

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the subarachnoid cisterns?

A

These are dilated regions of the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the six main subarachnoid cisterns?

A 
cisterna magna
cistern of great cerebral vein
paracallosal cistern
chiasmatic cistern
interpeduncular cistern
pontine cistern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cisterna magna?

A
  • the largest of the subarachnoid cistern dilations
  • also called cerebellomedullary cistern
  • located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata
  • the CSF drains from the 4th ventricle into the cisterna magna, via the lateral and median apetures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the CSF get from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space?

A

it drains through the lateral and median apetures in the 4th ventricle, into the cisterna magna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cistern of great cerebral vein?

A

This is the subarachnoid cistern that lies between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior surface of the cerebellum
also called superior cistern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the paracallosal cistern?

A

this is the subarachnoid cistern located superior to the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the interpeduncular cistern?

A

the subarachnoid cistern located between the two cerebral peduncles
located anterior to the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the chiasmatic cistern?

A

the subarachnoid cistern located anterior and below the optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the pontine cistern?

A

this is the subarachnoid space located anterior to the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the cisterna magna also called the cerebellomedullary cistern?

A

because it is located between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

a vascular structure of the pia mater that produces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the arachnoid granulations/ villi?

A

projections of the arachnoid mater that perforate the dura mater and project into the superior sagittal sinus
allowing for CSF drainage (returns to venous system)
villi harden with age to become granulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the locations of the choroid plexuses?

A

located in the rooves of the third and fourth ventricles

in the floor of the body and roof of the inferior horn of each lateral ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Into which sinus do the arachnoid granulations project?

A

superior sagittal sinus only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the main parts of the lateral ventricles?

A 
anterior horn
body 
posterior horn
inferior horn
trigone (where posterior, inferior and interior horn come togehter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the main ventricles?

A

2x lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

30
Q

What structure connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

the cerebral aqueduct

31
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres made up of?

A

white and grey matter

gyri and sulci

32
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

sheet of commissural nerve fibres (white matter) which join the left and right cerebral hemispheres
forms the roof of the lateral ventricles
larger in females

33
Q

What are the four parts of the corpus callosum? (anterior to posterior)

A

rostrum (beak)
Genu (bend)
(rostrum and genu join the frontal lobes)
body (joins the parietal lobes)
Splenium (joins the left and right occipital lobes)

34
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

double layered membrane
extends inferiorly from the corpus callosum
sperates the lateral ventricles

35
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

outer region of the cerebral hemispheres

divided into the five lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insula)

36
Q

What are the cerebral gyri?

A

folds of the cerebral hemisphere (contains both grey and white matter)

37
Q

What are the cerebral sulci?

A

grooves between two adjacent gyri

lined by pia mater

38
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

deep recess between the cerebral hemispheres
contains the falx cerebri
superior to the corpus callosum

39
Q

What are the lateral fissures/sulcus?

A

paired; deep recesses that separate the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes
insula lobe is located within the lateral fissure

40
Q

What are the central sulcus?

A

paired; recess between the frontal and parietal lobes in each cerebral hemisphere
vertical orientation

41
Q

What are the two types of grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

cortical grey matter (around cortex)

basal nuclei

42
Q

What is basal nuclei?

A

areas of grey matter surrounded by white matter
located deep in each cerebral hemisphere
coordination of motor information

43
Q

What are the three major basal nuclei of the cerebrum?

A

caudate nucleus
claustrum
lentiform nucleus
sometimes includes the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra (of the midbrain)

44
Q

Where is the lentiform nucleus located in relation to the thalamus?

A

lateral to the thalamus

45
Q

Where is the claustrum of the basal nuclei located in relation to the lentiform nucleus?

A

the claustrum is lateral to the lentiform nucleus

46
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of?

A

surrounds the third ventricle

includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus (contains pineal gland)

47
Q

How is the thalamus related to the third ventricles?

A

the thalamus lies lateral to the third ventricle and forms the majority of its walls

48
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion/ massa intermedia?

A

this is a bridge between the two thalamus that traverse the third ventricle

49
Q

Where is the epithalamus located in relation to the thalamus?

A

epithalamus is posterior to the thalamus

50
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located in relation to the thalamus?

A

hypothalamus is inferior and slightly anterior to the thalamus

51
Q

Where is the subthalamus located in relation to the thalamus?

A

below the thalamus

52
Q

What does the epithalamus contain?

A

pineal gland (located posterior of epithalamus)

53
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

white matter between the lentiform nucleus and thalamus/caudate nucleus (3 parts- genu & anterior and posterior limbs)
allows nerve fibres access between the brainstem and the cerebral cortex

54
Q

In the internal capsule, what is the genu?

A

this is the bend between the anterior and posterior limbs

55
Q

What are the three main parts of the brainstem?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

56
Q

What are the main components of the midbrain?

A 
cerebral peduncles
interpeduncular fossa
tectum (superior and inferior colliculi)
cerebral aqueduct
substantia nigra
57
Q

Where are the penduncles of the midbrain located and what are their function?

A

anteriorly located
separated by the interpeduncular fossa
connect the brainstem to the internal capsule of the cerebrum

58
Q

Where is the tectum of the midbrain located and what is their function?

A

posterior portion of the midbrain
composed of four colliculi (2 superior, 2 inferior)
superior- visual reflexes
inferior- auditory reflexes

59
Q

What are the features of the medulla oblongata?

A

pyramids
olives
open medulla
closed medulla

60
Q

What is the open medulla?

A

superior half of medulla oblongata

contributes to anterior wall of the 4th ventricle

61
Q

What is the closed medulla?

A

inferior half of medulla oblongata

encloses central canal

62
Q

On which surface of the medulla oblongata are the olives and pyramids located?

A

lie on the ventral surface

pyramids- contain the axons of the corticospinal tract

63
Q

What is the corticospinal tract and what does it consist of?

A

the largest motor tract arising from the cerebrum

  • cerebral cortex of primary motor cortex in frontal lobe
  • corona radiata (crown radiate-shape)
  • internal capsule
  • cerebral peduncles of midbrain
  • pyramids of medulla oblongata
64
Q

What are the features of the cerebellum?

A 
cerebella hemispheres
vermis
folia
fissures
fourth ventricle* (its posterior wall is formed by the cerebellum)
65
Q

What are the folia of the cerebellum?

A

thin, flat folds of the cerebellum

66
Q

What are the fissures of the cerebellum?

A

deep, narrow grooves that separate the folia of the cerebellum

67
Q

What is the vermis of the cerebellum?

A

median portion that bridges the two cerebellar hemispheres

68
Q

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

each side of the brainstem is attached to the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere and vermis by three paired cerebellar peduncles

69
Q

What are the three cerebellar peduncles?

A

superior cerebellar peduncles - runs between cerebellum and midbrain
middle cerebellar peduncles - runs between cerebellum and pons (largest, most visible)
inferior cerebellar peduncles - runs between cerebellum and medulla oblongata

70
Q

What do the cerebellar peduncles allow?

A

allow information transfer between the brainstem and cerebellum

Regional and Sectional Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions