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Reproduction > Pelvic anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvic anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A 
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis 
Sacrum
Coccyx
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2
Q

What three bones make up the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

What makes up the border of the pelvic inlet?

A

sacral promontory
ilium
superior pubic ramus
pubic symphysis

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4
Q

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

A 
pubic symphysis
ischiopubic ramus
ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments 
coccyx
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5
Q

What is contained within the bony pelvis?

A

Pelvic cavity

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6
Q

What are the borders of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic inlet superior

Pelvic floor inferior

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7
Q

What makes up the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus muscle

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8
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the abdo cavity?

A

Nothing, they’re continuous

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9
Q

What surface landmarks are palpable on the pelvis?

A 
Iliac crest
ASIS
Pubic tubercle/symphysis
PSIS
Ischial tuberosity
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10
Q

What links the ASIS with the pubic tubercle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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11
Q

When can the ischial spine be palpated?

A

During a vaginal examination

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12
Q

What are the three main joints sound in the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac
Pubic symphysis
Hip

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13
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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14
Q

What are two important ligaments found in the pelvis?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

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15
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run from and to?

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

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16
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run from and to?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

What do the sacrospinous/tuberous ligaments do?

A

Stop pelvis/sacrum jackknifing (jumping or pregnant etc)

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18
Q

What do the sacrospinous/tuberous ligaments form?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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19
Q

What covers the obturator foramen in life?

A

Obturator membrane

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20
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator canal

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21
Q

What is contained in the obturator canal?

A

Obturator nerve
Obturator artery
Obturator vein

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22
Q

What does the obturator canal link?

A

Pelvis to thigh

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23
Q

What muscle originates on the posterior surface of the obturator membrane?

A

Obturator internus

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24
Q

Where does the obturator internus attach?

A

Obturator membrane to greater trochanter of femur

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25
Q

What does the obturator internus pass through?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

26
Q

What originates from the anterior aspect of the obturator membrane?

A

Obturator externus

27
Q

Where does the obturator externus attach?

A

Obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa of femur

28
Q

How do male and female pelvises differ?

A

Female more gracile
Female more obtuse subpubic angle
Female has wider pelvic inlet and outlet

29
Q

How does the width of the pelvic cavity vary?

A

Pelvic inlet: transverse is wider than AP

Pelvic outlet: AP in wider than transverse

30
Q

What does ‘station’ mean during partum?

A

The distance of the foetal head from the ischial spines

31
Q

What does a negative station mean?

A

Foetal head is superior to ischial spines

32
Q

What does a positive station mean?

A

Foetal head in inferior to ischial spines

33
Q

What are some important landmarks on the pelvis?

A 
Iliac crest
ASIS
PSIS
AIIS
PIIS
Iliac fossa
Ischiopubic rami
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Pubic tubercle 
Pubic Arch
34
Q

What is found below the pelvic floor?

A

Perinium

35
Q

What are the three division of organ in the abdo cavity?

A

Intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
Subperitoneal

36
Q

What divides the pelvic cavity from the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

37
Q

What organs are subperitoneal in females?

A

Bladder
Uterus
Rectum

38
Q

What openings are found in the pelvic floor?

A

Alimentary (rectum)

Renal and repro tracts

39
Q

What shape in the perineum?

A

DIamond

40
Q

What makes up the vertices of the perineum diamond?

A

Ischial spines
Pubic symphysis
Coccyx

41
Q

What two triangles make up the perineum?

A

Urogenital

Rectal

42
Q

What is the major muscle of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

43
Q

What kind of muscle in the levator ani?

A

Skeletal

44
Q

What does the levator ani do?

A

Stops things falling out

45
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator ani?

A

S3,4,5- Nerve to levator ani

46
Q

What additional nerve may supply the levator ani?

A

Pudendal N

47
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve originate?

A

S2,3,4

48
Q

What does the pudendal nerve do?

A

External urethral and anal sphincters

Sense from external genitalia and anus

49
Q

What is an important landmark of the perineum?

A

Perineal body

50
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

51
Q

Where is the perineal body found?

A

Between external genitalia and anus

Just deep to skin

52
Q

What is the perineal body important for?

A

Pelvic floor strength

53
Q

What can damage the perineal body?

A

Partum

54
Q

What gland is found in the female perineum?

A

Bartholin’s gland

55
Q

What does the Bartholin’s gland do?

A

Secrete mucus for lubrication of the vagina

56
Q

What is the male equivalent of Bartholin’s gland?

A

Cowper’s gland

57
Q

What can an infection of Bartholin’s gland result in?

A

Cyst

58
Q

Name some surface features of the perineum

A 
Mons pubis (fatty tissue in front of pubis)
Pubic hair
Vulva
Clitoris
External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Labium majus and minus
Anus
59
Q

What is the vulva?

A

External genitalia

60
Q

What makes up the vulva?

A 
Mons pubis
Labium majus and minus
Clitoris
External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
61
Q

What makes up the labium majus?

A

Longitudinal tissue from mons pubis to perineal body

Reproduction (8 decks)

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