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OB/GYN Scanning > Pelvic Anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four bones that comprise the bony pelvis.

A

sacrum, coccyx, left and right innominate bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis)

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2
Q

T/F? The true pelvis is larger and completely enclosed.

A

FALSE: It’s smaller and completely enclosed.

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3
Q

T/F? The false pelvis is larger and incompletely enclosed.

A

true

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4
Q

What organs are in the true pelvis?

A

bladder, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and adnexa

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5
Q

These pelvic ligaments can be classified as those which ‘bind the pelvic bones together’.

A

osseous

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6
Q

These pelvic ligaments can be classified as those which ‘support the uterus and ovaries’.

A

suspensory

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7
Q

Name two kinds of suspensory ligaments.

A

uterine and ovarian

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8
Q

This uterine ligament arises superiorly and laterally from the uterus and inferiorly from the vagina to provide primary support for the uterus.

A

cardinal

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9
Q

This uterine ligament extends posterolaterally from the cervix, encircles the rectrum, and inserts onto the fascia over the sacrum.

A

uterosacral

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10
Q

This uterine ligament is situated anterior and inferior to the broad ligaments and fallopian tubes & attaches the cornu to the anterior pelvic wall.

A

round

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11
Q

This uterine ligament extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus and attaches to the lateral pelvic side walls.

A

broad

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12
Q

Name the four uterine suspensory ligaments.

A

Cardinal
Uterosacral
Round
Broad

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13
Q

This ligament divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior compartments. Ovaries are attached to the posterior side.

A

broad ligament

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14
Q

This is the space within the peritoneal cavity located posterior to the broad ligaments.

A

adnexa

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15
Q

This ovarian ligament attaches the inferior ovary to the uterine cornu posterior to the fallopian tube on each side.

A

ovarian

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16
Q

This ovarian ligament is one continuous tissue that connects the ovary to the pelvic wall.

A

infundibulopelvic

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17
Q

This ovarian ligament is a short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the broad ligament.

A

mesovarium

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18
Q

T/F? Most pelvic muscles are paired structures that form the limits of the pelvic space.

A

true

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19
Q

What are the two groups of pelvic muscles?

A

true and false (abdomino-pelvic)

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20
Q

This pelvic muscle forms the anterior margin of the abdominal and pelvic spaces, extending from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis.

A

rectus abdominis

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21
Q

This pelvic muscle resembles a corset, wrapping around the trunk from back to front, and intersects the rectus abdominis.

A

transversus abdominus

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22
Q

This pelvic muscle originates at the lower thoracic vertebrae and extends laternal and anterior as it courses throuth the lower abdomen, along the pelvic side wall to eventually insert on the lesser trochanter.

A

iliopsoas

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23
Q

Name the three false pelvic muscles.

A

rectus, transversus, iliopsoas

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24
Q

This muscle connects the lumbar spine to the femur.

A

psoas

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25
Q

The muscle connects the iliac crest to the femur.

A

iliacus

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26
Q

The primary purpose of these muscles is to hold the pelvic organs in place.

A

‘true’ pelvic muscles

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27
Q

This triangular muscle arises from the antero-lateral wall of the pelvis, extending from the brim of the true pelvis and exiting through the lesser sciatic foarmen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur.

A

obturator internus

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28
Q

This muscle group lines the lateral walls of the true pelvis.

A

obterator internus

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29
Q

This pelvic muscle arises from the sacrum, passes laterally through the greater sciatic notch, and inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur.

A

piriformis

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30
Q

This group of skeletal muscles lines the floor of the true pelvis and supports the pelvic organs.

A

pelvic diaphragm

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31
Q

The three ‘true’ pelvic muscles are…

A

obturator internus, piriformis, and pelvic diaphragm

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32
Q

These muscle provide primary support to the pelvic viscera and aid in the contraction of the vagina and rectum.

A

levator ani

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33
Q

What muscles make up the levator ani?

A

pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis

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34
Q

These muscles are the most posterior muscle pair of the pelvic diaphragm, extending from the ischial spine to the sacrum and coccyx.

A

coccygeus

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35
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani (pubococygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis) and coccygeus

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36
Q

This space separates the anterior bladder wal lfrom the symphsis pubis and is filled with extraperitoneal fat.

A

space of retzius (prevesical or retropubic space)

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37
Q

Rarely do you see fluid in this space, however masses in the ___ will displace the bladder posteriorly.

A

space of retzius

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38
Q

This is the pelvic space where cesarean hematomas occur.

A

space of retzius

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39
Q

This space is located anterior to the lower uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder.

A

anterior cul de sac (vesicouterine pouch)

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40
Q

This pelvic space is usually empty, but may contain loops of small bowel.

A

anterior cul de sac

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41
Q

This space is located posterior to the cervix and anterior to the rectum. The utero-sacral ligaments fom the lateral boundaries of this space.

A

posterior cul de sac (rectouterine pouch or pouch of douglas)

42
Q

Sonographically this is the most common pelvic location in which free fluid is noted.

A

posterior cul de sac

43
Q

Name the pelvic organs.

A

bladder, ovaries, vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes

44
Q

Which organs make up the female genital tract?

A

vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes (NOT ovaries)

45
Q

What are the four layers of the bladder wall?

A

inner mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, outer serosa

46
Q

The wall of the distended bladder normally measures ___ depending on the degree of bladder distention.

A

3-6 mm

47
Q

The bladder is adequetely full for transabdominal pelvic u/s when the dome of the bladder…

A

extends above the fundus of the uterus.

48
Q

Ovaries measure approximately ___ long in a menarcheal female.

A

3 cm

49
Q

Ovaries are usually located ___ to the external iliac vessels.

A

medial

50
Q

Ovaries are usually located ___ to the internal iliac vessels.

A

anterior

51
Q

These are the only organs in the abdominopelvic cavity NOT lined by visceral peritoneum.

A

ovaries

52
Q

The outer layer of the ovaries is called the ___; the inner layer is called the ___.

A

cortex, medulla

53
Q

The hilum of the ovary is situated on the ___ surface.

A

anterior

54
Q

The suspensory ligament and the fimbriae attach to the ___ surface of the ovary.

A

superior

55
Q

What three things do the ovaries produce?

A

the ovum, estrogen, and progesterone

56
Q

Estrogen is secreted by the ___ of the ovary.

A

follicles.

57
Q

Progesterone is secreted by the ___ of the ovary.

A

corpus luteum

58
Q

The ___ of the ovaries varies with age, menstrual status, pregnancy, body habitus, and cycle phase.

A

size

59
Q

Ovarian volume fomula?

A

L x W x H (in cm) x .523

60
Q

Usual premenstrual ovarian size?

A

3.5 x 2 x 1.5 cm

61
Q

Usual postmenopausal ovarian size?

A

2 x 1 x .5 cm

62
Q

This is composed of smooth muscle, elastic connective tissue, epithelium lining and always angles toward the sacrum.

A

vagina

63
Q

This is the ring-like pouch surrounding the cervix.

A

vaginal fornix

64
Q

This muscular structure is suspended by ligaments and normally located in a midsagittal plane in the true pelvis.

A

uterus

65
Q

Name the four portions of the uterus.

A

fundus, body, isthmus, cervix

66
Q

A pediatric uterus has a ___ cervical length and width.

A

relatively larger

67
Q

Usual uterine size for ages 2-8yrs?

A

33 x 7.5 mm

68
Q

Usual uterine size for ages 9y - menarche?

A

43 x 13 mm

69
Q

Usual uterine size for nulliparous woman?

A

80 x 30 mm

70
Q

Usual uterine size for multiparous woman?

A

90 x 40 mm

71
Q

This is the portion of the uterus between the uterine body and the cervix, called the LUS.

A

isthmus

72
Q

This is located posterior to the angle of the bladder and is comprised predominately of collagenous and elastic tissue.

A

cervix

73
Q

The ___ is more fibrous and less muscular than the uterine body.

A

cervix

74
Q

The cervix measures ___ in the nulliparous woman.

A

3-4 cm

75
Q

Name the three layers of the uterus.

A

mucosa (endometrium), muscularis (myometrium), serosa (perimetrium)

76
Q

This is the innermost lining of the uterus.

A

endometrium (mucosa)

77
Q

This uterine layer increases in size during the menstrual cycle and partially sloughs off at menses.

A

superficial (functional)

78
Q

This uterine layer is not significantly influenced by the menstrual cycle.

A

deep (basal)

79
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

A

superficial (functional) and deep (basal)

80
Q

This uterine layer is extremely thick, homogeneous smooth muscle, continuous with the fallopian tubes.

A

myometrium (muscularis)

81
Q

The myometrium has ___ distinct layers of differing echogenicity.

A

three

82
Q

What is the most common uterine postition?

A

anteverted

83
Q

In this uterine position, the fundus points inferiorly and rests on the cervix.

A

anteflexed

84
Q

In this uterine position, the body and fundus are tipped posteriorly.

A

retroverted

85
Q

In this uterine position, the fundus points inferior posteriorly to the cervix.

A

retroflexed

86
Q

The fallopian tubes are ___ long and ___ in diameter.

A

7-12 cm, 1-4 mm

87
Q

This lateral segment of the fallopian tubes are often referred to as the ‘fimbriated end’.

A

infundibulum

88
Q

This middle segment and longest, most coiled portion of the fallopian tubes is called the…

A

ampulla

89
Q

This is the area of the fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs most often.

A

ampulla

90
Q

This is the narrow medial segment of the fallopian tube adjacent to the uterine wall.

A

isthmus

91
Q

This is the narrowest portion of the fallopian tubes, within the cornu of the uterus.

A

interstitial (intramural)

92
Q

What are the four parts of the fallopian tube?

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitial

93
Q

This is the most dangerous place to have an ectopic pregnancy.

A

interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes

94
Q

The internal iliac arteries dive deep into the pelvis are divide into…

A

anterior and posterior trunks.

95
Q

The uterine artery ___ with the ovarian artery at the ___, but the ___ artery supples most of the blood to the uterus.

A

anastomoses, cornu, uterine

96
Q

The uterine artery comes directly from which vessel?

A

internal iliac artery

97
Q

T/F? Uterine arteries have high velocity and low resistance.

A

FALSE; high resistance

98
Q 
Which of these have higher resistance uterine arteries?
A. Proliferative phase
B. Luteal phase
C. Post menopausal
D. Childbearing age
A

A and C

99
Q

In the follicular phase, ovarian artery flow is often ___ velocity and ___ resistance.

A

Low, high

100
Q

T/F? Ovarian artery impedance drops dramatically on the side with the dominant follicle.

A

true

OB/GYN Scanning (14 decks)

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