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OB/GYN Scanning > 1st Trimester & Terminology > Flashcards

1st Trimester & Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

This is the villi on thematernal side of hte embryo; unites with the chorion to form the placenta.

A

decidua basalis

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2
Q

This is the villi surrounding the chorionic sad.

A

decidua capsularis

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3
Q

MSD stands for…

A

mean sac diameter.

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4
Q

This is the fetal trophoblastic tissue that, together with the decidua, form the area for maternal and fetal circulation.

A

chorion frondosum

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5
Q

This is the chorion around the gestational sac on the opposide side of implantation.

A

chorion laeve

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6
Q

This is the fetal suface of the placenta.

A

chorionic plate

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7
Q

This is the maternal surface of the placenta.

A

basal plate

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8
Q

The four sims of first trimester sonography are…

A
  1. confirm viability
  2. accuractely date the pregnancy
  3. diagnose multiple preganancies
  4. investigate complications
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9
Q

Early in the mentrual cycle, the ___ secretes rising levels of FSH and LH, which cause the growth of follicles.

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

Early in the mentrual cycle, the pituitary gland secretes rising levels of ___, which cause the growth of follicles.

A

FSH and LH

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11
Q

This is the follicle that becomes dominant.

A

mature or Graafian follicle

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12
Q

The developing follicles produce ___.

A

estrogen

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13
Q

After ovulation, the follicle collapses to form the ___, which secretes progesterone and estrogen.

A

corpus luteum

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14
Q

After ovulation, the follicle collapses to form the corpus luteum, which secretes ___.

A

progesterone and estrogen

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15
Q

This is the outer layer of cells of the gestational or chorionic sac that secretes hCG.

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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16
Q

___ stimulate endometial cellular proliferation in preparation for implantation.

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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17
Q

Progesterone and estrogen stimulate ___ in preparation for implantation.

A

endometial cellular proliferation

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18
Q

These changes occur as a hormonal reponse regardless of the site of implantation.

A

decidual reaction

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19
Q

How many sperm are deposited during intercourse?

A

200-600 million

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20
Q

Fertilization usually occurs within __ after ovulation in the ___ portion of the fallopian tube.

A

24-36 hours, ampullary

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21
Q

This is the outer layer of the ovum.

A

zona pellucida

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22
Q

This is the inner cell layer of the developing embryo.

A

cytotrophoblast

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23
Q

This is a ball of 16 cells surrounded by the zona pellucida tranported to the uterus.

A

morula

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24
Q

Thisis the organized collection of cells that buries into th endometrial tissue about 7 days after fertilization.

A

blastocyst

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25
Q

Which is the inner layer of the embryonic disc?

A

endoderm

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26
Q

Which is the middle layer of the embryonic disc?

A

mesoderm

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27
Q

Which is the outer layer of the embryonic disc?

A

ectoderm

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28
Q

By what day is implantation complete?

A

day 23

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29
Q

Implantation usually occurs in the ___ region of the uterus.

A

fundal

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30
Q

The 3 distinct layers of decidualized endometrium are…

A

decidua capsularis, basalis, and parietalis (vera)

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31
Q

Why is it important to identify the doulble-decidual sign in early pregnancy?

A

To rule out ectopic.

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32
Q

The fusion of the amnion and chorion is usually complete by…

A

12-16 weeks

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33
Q

At 23 days the entire conceptus measures approximately ___ in diameter.

A

0.1 mm

34
Q

T/F? At 23 days the conceptus can be seen transvag but not transab.

A

FALSE, it is not visible yet either way.

35
Q

This is the formation of the neural plate and its closure to form the neural tube.

A

neurulation

36
Q

The process of neurulation begins in the ___ week.

A

5th

37
Q

Nearly all congenital malformations, except for genitalia abnormalities, originate before or during this ___ period.

A

embryonic

38
Q

T/F? hCG is detectable in maternal serum, but not urine.

A

FALSE, both

39
Q

hCG is first detected ___ weeks after LMP or ___ days after ovulation.

A

3, 7-10

40
Q

hCG doubles every ___ days?

A

2-3

41
Q

hCG plateaus around ___ weeks, then declines.

A

8-9

42
Q

Which kind of pregnancy test is qualitative?

A

urine test, just a + or -.

43
Q

Which kind of pregnancy test is quantitative?

A

blood test, +/- AND how far along

44
Q

Which protein does a blood pregnancy test measure?

A

AFP which is produced by the fetal liver

45
Q

Greater than expected AFP levels are associated with…

A

incorrect dates, gestational trophoblastic disease, or multiple gestations.

46
Q

Less than expected AFP levels are associated with…

A

incorrect dates, ectopic, or embryonic demise.

47
Q

A disproportionately low B-hCG level is considered to be…

A

an indicator of a poor prognosis.

48
Q

The most common radioimmunassay method used is…

A

2IRP.

49
Q

This is the first sonographic evidence that a normal IUP is present.

A

identification of a gestational sac within the endometrial cavity

50
Q

The gestational sac grows about ___ per day.

A

1 mm

51
Q

The yolk sac should be visible when the msd is …

A

greater than or equal to 13 mm.

52
Q

This is when an egg is fertilized and implants but the embryo either never forms or stops forming early on.

A

blighted ovum (anembryonic gestation)

53
Q

T/F? The MSD can be used to date a second trimester pregnancy.

A

FALSE, early first trimester pregnancy.

54
Q

T/F? Crown rump length is best used prior to identification of MSD.

A

FALSE, MSD before CRL is visible.

55
Q

MSD = AP + Long + Trans divided by ___.

A

3

56
Q

Is the yolk sac in the chorionic cavity or the amniotic cavity?

A

chorionic

57
Q

What is the first structure we see within the gestational sac?

A

the yolk sac

58
Q

When is the yolk sac visible endovaginally?

A

By the 5th week, and ALWAYS by the time the MSD is 8 mm.

59
Q

When is the yolk sac visible transabdominally?

A

By the 7th week, when the MSD is 20 mm.

60
Q

When is a calcified yolk sac seen?

A

Only with a fetal demise

61
Q

Visualization of the yolk sac predicts a viable pregnancy in ___% of cases.

A

90

62
Q

The normal diameter of a yolk sac should never exceed…

A

5.6 mm

63
Q

What is the most accurate measurement throughout pregnancy for dating?

A

crown rump length, accurate within 3-5 days

64
Q

Embryonic growth is at the rate of ___ which is the same as the gastational sac growth rate.

A

1 mm per day

65
Q

CRL (mm) + 42 =

A

GA (in days)

66
Q

What is the first organ to function within the embyo?

A

heart

67
Q

The embryonic heart starts beating at approx…

A

35 days.

68
Q

By what week has the embryonic heart obtained its adult configuration?

A

8th

69
Q

This is associted with bladder develoment and becomes the uracus and the median umbilical ligament.

A

allantois

70
Q

Cysts can be seen in the umbilical cord between…

A

8-12 weeks

71
Q

T/F? Umbilical cord cysts tend to be small and closer to the fetus.

A

true, mean size 5.2 mm

72
Q

Name the three primary brain vesicles.

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

73
Q

When do the brain vesicles develop?

A

Around the 6th week

74
Q

There’s a cystic structure in the posterior aspect of the embryonic cranium. Do you panic?

A

Nope. It’s just the rhombencephalon dividing into two parts.

75
Q

Bowel herniation should only be considered abnormal after…

A

14 weeks.

76
Q

Nuchal translucency has been reported between…

A

10-14 weeks.

77
Q

A nuchal translucency of 3 mm increases the risk of aneuploidy how many times?

A

4

78
Q

Limb buds are recognizable during which week?

A

6th

79
Q

The embryonic spine closes around the ___ week and the parallel echogenic lines can be seen at ___ weeks.

A

6th, 7-8 weeks

80
Q

Embryonic fingers and toes are recognizable by which week?

A

11th

OB/GYN Scanning (14 decks)

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