Peer Status + Popularity (Week 4) Flashcards
Cliques
- Small groups (average 5 to 6 individuals).
- Usually of the same sex and age.
- All have similar activities or interests.
- In-group identity (each have their own identity in the group).
Crowds
- Large group structure.
- Usually, members of a crowd are based on reputation and may or may not spend much time together.
- Place where dating begins.
The Dominance Hierarchy
An ordering of individuals in a group from most to least dominant.
- A “pecking order”.
Peer Status
Children can be placed into very clear categories by their classmates.
- Accepted
- Average
- Neglected
- Rejected
- Controversial
Accepted
- Frequently nominated as best friend.
- Rarely disliked by peers.
- Linked to positive outcomes, school success, and well being.
Average
- Receive average numbers of friends and negative nominations.
- Leads to average outcomes.
Neglected
- Infrequently nominated as a friend but not disliked by peers.
- Linked to shyness and low support.
Rejected
- Infrequently nominated as a friend.
- Actively disliked by peers.
- Linked to poor school performance, bullying/aggression, loneliness, and less prosocial.
Controversial
- Frequently nominated as friend and as being disliked.
- Linked to lower motivation at school and aggressive behaviour.
Neglected Children
Are usually shy, quiet, and less aggressive than other children.
Two types:
- Socially Reticent
- Unsociable or Social Uninterested
Social Reticent Neglected Children
- Watch others from afar and hover near, but do not engage in interaction.
Unsociable or Socially Uninterested Neglected Children
- Not anxious or fearful but simply refrain from social interaction because they prefer to play alone.
Popular-Antisocial
Well known/visible.
Cool (trend-setters).
Athletic and attractive.
Poor students.
Manipulative.
- ex. mean girls
Popular-Prosocial
Well-liked/accepted.
Friendly and cooperative.
Academic achievers.
Social Problem Solving Theory
Social competence:
- Achieve personal goals in social interaction while simultaneously maintaining positive relationships with others over time and across situations.
This generation and use of strategies that prevent or resolve disagreements.
- Linked to acceptance and status.
Hostile Attribution Bias
Some children search for evidence of hostility toward them.
- Linked to aggressive behaviour.
Reputational Bias
- Tendency to interpret peers’ behaviour on the basis of past encounters with and feelings about them.
Peer Networks
A measurement tool.
A Sociogram is a graphic representation of all the social links a person has.
- Identify structures in the classroom.
Cross-Sectional Design
- One point in time.
- Usually correlational.
Longitudinal Design
- Changes over time.
- Attrition.
Experimental Design
- Control group and random assignment.
- Not ethically possible with many topics.
Intervention Design (PreTest/Post Test)
- Experimental Design
- Looks for changes following a treatment.
