Peer review

Question 1

What is meant by a peer review? (1)

Answer 1

The process by which psychological research papers (before publication) are subjected to independent scrutiny by other psychologists in a similar field.

Question 2

What is meant by a peer review? (2)

Answer 2

They consider the research in terms of validity, significance and originality.

Question 3

Process?

Answer 3

Assessment of the appropriateness of the methods and designs used.
They can accept, accept with improvements or reject the research.
Can be open, single blind or double blind.
Editor makes final decision on publishing.

Question 4

Purpose?

Answer 4

Ensure quality and relevance of research.
Helps to prevent dissemination of irrelevant findings.
Determine funding for the research.

Question 5

4 problems associated:

Answer 5

Fraud
Values
Bias
Anonymity

Question 6

Fraud?

Answer 6

In a small number of cases, peer review has failed to identify fraudulent research.

Question 7

Values?

Answer 7

Although psychologists try to be objective, it is generally accepted that is it impossible to separate personal opinions. If they agree with the research, they are more likely to accept.

Question 8

Bias (2 types)

Answer 8

Institution bias- tendency to favour research from prestigious universities.
Gender bias- the tendency to favour male researchers and bias towards positive findings.

Question 9

Anonymity?

Answer 9

Psychologists are generally anonymous, so many use this to their advantage to criticise rival reviewers. Therefore some reviewers are not anonymous.