Peds review part II Flashcards
Which phase consists of 6 substages that are governed by sensations in which simple learning takes place?
Sensorimotor
In this stage, children develop a sense of CAUSE and EFFECR as they direct behavior toward objects
Sensorimotor
True or False. In the preoperational phase, problem solving is primarily by trial and error?
False, Sensorimotor
Sensorimotor phase
Children in this stage display a high level of curiosity, experimentation, and enjoyment of novelty, and begin to develop a sense of self as they are able to differentiate themselves from their environment.
In this stage, children are aware that objects had permanence (that an object exists even though it is no longer visible).
Sensorimotor
True or False. In the preoperational phase, thinking is concrete and tangible?
TRUE
The predominant characteristic of this stage of intellectual development is Egocentrism
Preoperational
True or False. Children in the sensorimotor stage cannot reason beyond the observable, and they lack the ability to make deductions or generalizations
False. Preoperational
True or False. In the preoperational phase, thought is dominated by what children see, hear, or otherwise experience?
TRUE
In the latter stages of ________, children’s reasoning is intuitive and also transductive
Preoperational
T or F. In the concrete operational phase, thought becomes increasingly logic and coherent.
TRUE
T or F, In the preoperational phase, children are able to classify, sort, order, and otherwise organize facts about the world to use in problem solving?
False, this occurs during the concrete operational phase
In the stage, children develop CONSERVATION, meaning they realizw that physical factors such as volume, weight, and numbers remain the same even though outward appearances are changed.
Concrete operational
T or F. Reasoning during the concrete phase is inductive
TRUE
T or F. Thinking during the sensorimotor phase becomes socialized and thought becomes less self- centered?
False, this occurs during the concrete operational phase
T or F. Thought during the formal operations phase is characterized by adaptability and flexibility.
TRUE
Formal operations phase
Adolescents can think in abstact terms, use abstract symbols, and draw logical conclusions from a set of observations. They can also make hypotheses and test them.
What is the first and most important attribute to develop for a healthy personality?
Trust. Establisment dominates the first year of life and describes all of the child’s satisfying experiences at this age.
Mistrust
Develops when trust-promoting experiences are deficient or lacking, or when basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met
Trust vs. Mistrust
Usually occurs from birth to 1 year. Result is faith and optimism.
_____, describes a time of “getting” and “taking in” through all senses
Trust vs Mistrust
In this stage, children want to control their bodies, themselves, and their environment. They want to do things for themselves, using their newly acquired motor skills.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
What are the 2 favorable outcomes of Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt?
Self- control and willpower
T or F. Negative feelings of doubt and shame arise when children are made to feel small and self-conscious, when their choices are disastrous, when others shame them, or when they are forced to be dependent in areas they are capable of assuming control
TRUE
In this stage, children develop a conscience.
Initiative vs Guilt.
What are the 2 lasting outcomes of Initiative vs Guilt?
Direction and purpose
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
1- 3 years
Initiative vs Guilt
3- 6 years
Which stage is characterized by vigorous, intrusive behavior; enterprise; and a strong imagination?
Initiative vs Guilt
T or F. During the Initiative vs Guilt phase, children sometimes undertake goals or activities that are in conflict with those of parents or others, and being made to feel that their activities are bad produces a sense of guilt.
TRUE
Industry vs Inferiority
Usually occurs between the ages of 6- 12. Children are ready to become workers and producers and want to engage in tasks and activities that they can carry through to completion.
T or F. During the Industry vs Inferiority phase, children need and want real achievement.
TRUE
Feelings of ______ and _______ may develop during this phase if children feel that too much is expected of them or if they believe that they cannot measure up to the standards set for them by others
Inadequacy, inferiority; Industry vs Inferiority phase
What is the ego quality developed from a sense of industry?
Competence
During this phase, previous trust in their bodies is shaken, and children become overly preoccupied with the way they appear in the eyes of others as compared with their own self- concept
Identity vs Role Confusion
Identity vs Role Confusion
12- 18 years; characterized by rapid and marked physical changes.
Role confusion
Results from the inabilty to solve the core conflict.
T or F. The outcome of successful mastery of Identity vs Role Confusion is devotion and fidelity to others, and to values and ideologies.
TRUE
Toys for hospitalized toddlers (1-3 years) include:
Board and mallet, push-pull toys, toy telephones, stuffed animals. They benefit from play rooms because mobilty is very important to their development
Toys for preschool children (3- 6 years) include:
Coloring books, puzzles, cutting and pasting, dolls, building blocks, clay, and toys that allow the child to work out experiences, especially their hospitalization experience
Toys for school-age children (6- 12 years) include:
Board games, card games, and hobbies such as stamp collecting, puzzles, and video games.
T or F. School age children are in Erickson’s stage of Industry, meaning they like to do and accomplish things. Peers are also important for chilldren of this age
TRUE
When does a child speak two-to-three- word sentences?
2 years
When does a child acheive 50% of adult height?
2 years
When does birth length double?
4 years
When does a child use scissors?
4 years
When does a child tie his or her shoes?
5 years
T or F. After 6 months, infant’s cognitive development allows them to remember pain
TRUE
T or False. School- age children fear intrusive procedure and require preparation and explanation.
False, toddlers fear instrusive procedures
T or F. Preschoolers fear body mutilation
TRUE
T or F. School- age children fear loss of control of their bodies?
TRUE
T or F. The major concern in adolescents is change in body imagine?
TRUE
T or F. The common cold is not a contraindication for immunization?
True, it is ok to give with a minor illness. However, fever is not a normal expectation after shot.
T or F. Transplacental antibodies stays in the neonates system longer than the passive immunity found in breast milk?
False, IgE lasts up to 3 months and passive immunity lasts up to 6 months.
T or F. Children with German Measles do not pose a serious threat to thier unborn siblings
FALSE
Compliance with immunization takes a lot of education for convincing. However, if the parents agree, you can give without getting written consent first.
False, nurses need written consent, without it, hold off.
