Health promotion & maintenance flashcards
What are the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended schedule of visits?
Newborn, 2 weeks, 2 mon, 4 mon, 6 mon, 9 mon, 12 mon
What are things address at each visit?
growth & development, safety, immunizations, check-ups, dental care, car seats
What are the 3 components that must be addressed at each visit?
safety, nutrition, and health care
What does safety entail?
car seats, sleep on back, smoke detectors, bath water temp, crib safety, sun exposure, walkers
What nutrition aspects should be addressed during the visit?
review feeding schedules, introducing solids, picky eaters
What health care issues should be addressed at each visit?
next visit, vaccines, dental
What are common safety issues for infants?
car safety, pets, poisoning, toys, medicines
For infants what are the correct guidelines for car seats?
up to 1 year and up to 20 pounds, bucket seat facing backwards
For Children, over 1 yea & 20 pounds, what is the correct car seat safety
restrain in an upright, forward position in a car safety seat until 60 pounds/ 6 yr. old
The new 2011 SIDS report states that but child back to sleep for every sleep plus what?
firm sleep surface, no bed-sharing, keep soft object and loose bedding out of crib and avoid overheating
What are the nutritional guidelines for newborns?
gain 4-7 ounces/wk, regain BW by 2 weeks, and feed q 2 hr
True or False, a 1 month old should be feed q 4 h 4-6 oz
TRUE
True or False, a 2 month old, should be fed q 4 hours about 4-6 oz
FALSE, q 6 hr, 6 oz
How do you calculate caloric needs of an infant?
108 cal/Kg/day
True or False, a child should be fed only breast milk for first 12 months
FALSE, breast milk OR iron-fortified formula
Why would a child being breastfed receive iron supplements after 6 months?
maternal antibodies, stored vita and iron last up to 6 months. After that period this passive immunity is over and supplementation is needed
Bedside iron, what other supplements can a infant at 6 months receive?
vit D and fluoride (0.25 mg daily)
At what age can toddlers have honey and cow’s milk?
1 yr old
What is a safe amount of milk for toddlers?
< 32 ounces/day
A mom is worried her child is not able to feed himself. He is 2. Should she be worried.
No, 3 years is average age
When is BP normally taken?
3 yrs old
When do we test for TB?
12- 15 mon. 4-6 yrs, teen
When is anemia assessed?
12-24 mon.
When is vision assessed?
3-4 and Q year
When is hearing assessed?
newborn and 5 yr.
When is lead assessed?
high risk - q 6 mon, low risk - 12-15 mon
What does the Teenage psychosocial H.E.A.D.S.S. stand for?
Home & environment, education and employment, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression
What’s the difference between passive immunity vs. transplacental passive immunity
PI- through breast milk, last 6 months. TPI- transmitted to fetus via placenta (e.g. IGG) last only 3 months
What are common expectations following shots?
irritability, fever, red, sore at site. May give Tylenol
What size needles are ok for infants, toddlers, older child
1 in. , 1 1/4 in. , 1 1/2 in.
If a patient comes in with a rash, what are the questions you would as?
immunization status, recent exposures, prodrome, when and where did it start, pruritic or painful, and treatments used
IS there a prodrome for Varicella zoster?
no or mild
What type of rash do chicken pox peeps get?
superficial vesicles, pruitic. Starts in the trunk and scalp and then moves to the face and extremities
Billie has chicken pox, when was he exposed to the infection?
2-3 weeks before the rash appeared
How effective is the vaccine?
85%
What kind of isolation do chicken pox peeps need?
contact and droplet precautions
What supportive care is needed for chicken pox?
low-dose Benadryl to keep puritic (itching) down, and good skin care to prevent infection
what is the prodrome for Measles?
3-5 days
What are the 3 Cs assoc. with Measles?
Koplik spots (sores in mouth), photophobia, coryza (inflamed respiratory tract)
Describe the rash of measles
flat, round, fluid filled. (confluent maculopapular rash)
What are the 3 severe complications for measles?
otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis
True or False, exanthema subitum (roseola) is another name for herpesvirus type 6
TRUE
What are the s/s of Roseola?
sudden high fever up to 105, pink discrete maculopapular rash, febrile seizures
Erythema Infectiosum (fifth disease) is another name for what?
Human parvovirus B19
What is the hallmark sign for Fifth disease?
slapped-cheeck appearance that disappears in 1-4 days
What are some common supportive care measures for infectious diseases?
maintain isolation, encourage rest, quiet activity, encourage fluids and soft bland foods, hot or warm compressed
