Peds flashcards Growth and Development
Causes of death less than 1 year old
congenital anomalies, prematurity and SIDS
Physiologic changes, progressive increase in size
Growth
Cognitive changes, progressive increase in the ability to function
development
True or False, according to Erickson each psychosocial conflict must be resolved for the child or adult to progress emotionally.
TRUE
Which did Erickson focus on Personality/psychosocial development or cognitive development?
personality/psychosocial
What does Erickson’s theory rely on?
successful mastery of tasks during critical periods
Describe Erickson’s Trust vs. Mistrust and appr. Age
Birth - 18 mon. attachment to mother
Describe Erickson’s Autonomy vs. shame and appr. Age
18 mon- 3 yr. gain control over self and environment
Describe Erickson’s initiative vs. guilt and appr. Age
3-6 yr. ability to initiate one’s own activities; sense of purpose
Describe Erickson’s Industry vs. Inferiority and appr. Age
6-12 yr. developing social, physical, and learning skills
Describe Erickson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion and appr. Age
12- 20 yr. developing sense of identity.
Piaget was all about what kind of development?
Cognitive
Describe Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
birth - 2 yr. reflex activity, learns about reality and how it works, doesn?t understand that an object out of view continues to exist
Describe Piaget’s pre-operational stage
2-7 yr. child thinks of the past, present, future; egocentric, needs concrete examples
Describe Piaget’s concrete operations stage
7 to 11 yr. can sort facts, uses logic to solve problems, develop abstract thinking
Describe Piaget’s formal operations stage
11- adulthood. Thinks abstractly and logically
True or False, A child’s height should increase by 30 % in the first year?
False, 50%
Weight ____ by 4-7 months, triples by _____ birthday
Weight doubles by 4-7 months, triples by first birthday
Jimmy and Tommy are best friends. Jimmy is 6 months. Tommy is one year old. How many teeth should each have?
Jimmy- should have none (just beginning to teeth). Tommy appr. 6-8
During discharge planning for a newborn, what will you educate your parents about closing of the fontanels?
Posterior closes 1st at 6-8 weeks, and anterior closes 2nd by 12-18th month
What is solitary play and which age group does this effect?
Infants (0-1 yr.) Child needs to be played with and not just allowed to play. Playing is all about the child by HIM or HERSELF (and with parent).
What is parallel play and what does this affect?
Toddlers (2-3).toddler plays alongside other children, not with them
What is associative play, and who does it affect?
Preschoolers (3-7 yr.). Group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. Play is for physical growth and refinement of motor skills (e.g. jumping, running)
What is cooperative play and who does it affect?
School age (7-11 yr. ) play is organized and children play in a group with other children. They play to have an End. Very structured.
A 2 month old should be able to ____
coo
A 4 month old should be able to have _____ _____
head control
A 7 month old should be able to ____ ____
transfer objects
A 8 month old should be able to ____ _____
sit unsupported
A 9 month old should be able to ____
crawl
A 12 month old should be able to ___ ____ ____
walk with assistance
During each visit, the nurse should assess what growth measurements?
length/height, weight, head circumference
If the patient’s growth is under the ___ percentile or over the ____ percentile, their needs to be further investigation
5th and 95th
You are the nurse going into see a 2 year old boy, what is your order of assessment?
1st. Observe (color of perfusion, breathing pattern), 2nd. RR, HR, Temp. BP 3rd. Growth measurement, organ system
True or False, FLACC is a scale used to assess a child’s pain level
TRUE
What is NPASS?
It is a scale used to assess pain/agitation and sedation in neonatal patients
What is another name for the Wong-Baker scale?
Faces scale
What is the Denver Developmental Screen Test (DDST, DDST-R)
cognitive and behavioral screening test used mostly in outpatient setting
What are reasons for errors?
distractions, workload increase, staff inexperience, staffing insufficient, shift change, staff from agency, emergency situations, reconstitution error, wrong diluent, incorrect dilution amount, too conc. , injection at wrong rate, wrong IV port
Morbidity, mortality, and increased costs are all results of what?
medical errors
What should you verify for IV meds?
max concentration
How do you give an infant a PO med?
draw up in needle-less syringe, place syringe along side of infant’s tongue and give slowly allowing baby to swallow
How do you give a med if pt. has an NG, OG, NJ, GT?
bolus with syringe and flush to prevent clogging tube
For IM meds, what site do you use for newborn-toddler and what site for greater than 3 yr. ?
vastus lateralis and deltoid
A 5ml dose of acetaminophen w/ codeine contains how much acetaminophen and codeine
120 mg and 12 mg
What is unasyn and what is safe dose calc. based on?
Ampicillin & sulbactum- a combined antimicrobial agent. Dose based on ampicillin
If med is > 7 ml, what will you do to administer this med?
use IV pump and 20 ML flush
How much flush do you add for 1st and 2nd port?
1 ml and 7 ml
What is buretrol?
A type of infusion device that holds limited quantities of IV fluids. Allows free flow of fluids/air once infusion is done
What are some issues that may arise if the child has fluid intake and output imbalances?
diarrhea, NG tube drain, polyuria, third spacing
