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I&E > Peds Resp disorders > Flashcards

Peds Resp disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiolitis- Eti

A
  • Most common serious resp illness
  • RSV most common
  • 3% require hosp
  • < 2 yrs
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2
Q

Bronchiolitis- Sx

A
  • Fever, rhinorrhea, cough
  • Wheezing, tachypnea & resp distress
  • Shallow, rapid breathing
  • Nasal flaring, cyanosis, retractions, and rales
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3
Q

Bronchiolitis- Dx

A
  • CXR NOT indicated

- If obtained, hyperinflation, peribronchal cuffing & atelectasis

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4
Q

Bronchiolitis- Tx

A
  • Hosp if hypoxic, tachypnea, resp distress with retractions

- Supportive care- hydration, supplemental O2

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5
Q

Asthma- Eti

A
  • 7 million children affects
  • Boys > girls
  • black > other ethnicities
  • Poor
  • Sx develop before 5th birthday
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6
Q

Asthma-Sx

A
  • Refrain from phys activity
  • Wheezing
  • Chest congestions, prolonged cough, exercise intolerance
  • Recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia
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7
Q

Asthma- Dx

A
  • Reversal of airflow limitation with broncho dilators
  • Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
  • Spirometry
  • Atopy
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8
Q

Asthma- Tx

A
  • SABA
  • Low dose ICS
  • LABA & ICS
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9
Q

Foreign body aspiration- Eti

A
  • Common with small round foods
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10
Q

Foreign body aspiration- Sx

A

Sudden onset of coughing & resp. distress

  • Difficulty vocalizing
  • Inability to cough
  • Cyanosis with marked distress
  • Drooling, stridor
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11
Q

Foreign body aspiration- Tx

A
  • Incomplete obstruction- allow coughing, then intervene

- Complete obstruction, abdomen compressions or back blows for infants

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12
Q

Croup- Laryngotracheobronchitis- Eti

A
  • Viral croup
  • 6 mo - 5 yrs
  • Parainfluenza, RSV
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13
Q

Croup- Laryngotracheobronchitis- Sx

A
  • Barking cough with stridor
  • Absent to low grade fever
  • Stridor at rest
  • Edema in subglottic space, airway inflammation
  • Absence of drooling
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14
Q

Croup- Laryngotracheobronchitis- Dx

A
  • Steeple sign- neck X-ray
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15
Q

Croup- Laryngotracheobronchitis- Tx

A
  • Supportive tx
  • O2
  • Epi
  • Glucocorticoids- dexamethasone
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16
Q

Croup- Epiglottitis- Eti

A
  • H. influenxa

- Rare due to vaccine

17
Q

Croup- Epiglottitis- Sx

A
  • High fever
  • Dysphagia, drooling, muffled voice
  • Inspiratory retractions, cyanosis, stridor
  • Neck hyperextended, chin stretched forward
18
Q

Croup- Epiglottitis- Dx

A
  • Cherry red epiglottis
  • Swollen arytenoids
  • Thumbprint sign on neck xray
19
Q

Croup- Epiglottitis- Tx

A
  • Endotracheal intubation

- Ceftriaxone

20
Q

Croup- Bacterial tracheitis- Eti

A
  • Severe, life threatening form of larngotracheobronchitis

- Staph aureus

21
Q

Croup- Bacterial tracheitis- Sx

A
  • Increasing fever, toxicity, severe airway obstruction

- Toxic shock & ARDS

22
Q

Croup- Bacterial tracheitis- Dx

A
  • Bronchoscopy- purulent tracheal secretions, q
23
Q

Croup- Bacterial tracheitis- Tx

A
  • Intubation
  • Debridement of airway
  • IV abx
24
Q

Cystic fibrosis- Eti

A
  • Genetic disfunction on chromosome 7
  • Recessive
  • 1 in 22 carriers
  • Caucasian
25
Q

Cystic fibrosis- Sx

A
  • Birth: meconium ileus
  • Failure to thrive due to malabsorption
  • Frequent, bulky, foul-smelling oily stools
  • Pancreatic insufficiency
  • Chronic airway infection with bacteria
26
Q

Cystic fibrosis- Dx

A
  • Sweat chloride concentration
27
Q

Cystic fibrosis- Tx

A
  • Pancreatic enxyme supplimentation
  • High calorie, high protein, fat diet
  • Multivitamins- ADEK
  • Salt
  • Abx for airways
28
Q

Apnea- Eti

A
  • Most common in preterm infants
  • Resp pause > 20 sec
  • Underlying causes or due to defect in resp signaling
29
Q

Apnea- Sx

A
  • Onset first 2 wks of life

- Pause accompanied by cyanosis and bradycardia

30
Q

Apnea- Tx

A
  • Caffeine citrate to increase respiration rate
31
Q

SIDS- Eti

A
  • Sudden death of infant
32
Q

SIDS- Risks

A
  • Teenage mother
  • Drug addicted
  • Maternal smoking
  • Multiparity
  • Croweded living
33
Q

SIDS- Dx

A
  • Dx of exclusion on autopsy
34
Q

SIDS- Sx

A
  • Intrathroacic petechiae
  • Inflammation & congestion of resp tract
  • Intermittent/ chronic hypoxia before death
35
Q

Pneumonia- Eti

A
  • S. pneumoniae most common cause

- can also be viral

36
Q

Pneumonia- Sx

A
  • Fever, tachypnea & cough
  • Crackles & decreased breath sounds
  • Otitis media, meninigitis &asinusitis are complications
37
Q

Pneumonia- Dx

A
  • Thoracentesis

- CXR

38
Q

Pneumonia- Tx

A
  • Ampicillin, amoxicillin or penicillin

I&E (12 decks)

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