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I&E > Peds Heme/Onc > Flashcards

Peds Heme/Onc Flashcards

1
Q

Aplastic anemia- Eti

A
  • Idiopathic most common- defects in hematopoietic stem cells & DNA repair
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2
Q

Aplastic anemia- Sx

A
  • Weakness & fatigue
  • Vulnerability to infections
  • Mucosal & skin bleeding
  • Pallor, purpura & petechiae
  • NO hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
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3
Q

Aplastic anemia- Dx

A
  • Pancytopenia

- BM biopsy- scant progeitors

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4
Q

Aplastic anemia- Tx

A
  • Equine ATG

- Bone marrow transplant

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5
Q

Thalassemia- Eti

A
  • Hereditary disorder
  • Redcution in globin chains, reducing hemoglobin synthesis
    Alpha & Beta
  • Alpha in SE asia/ china, blacks
  • Beta- mediterranean
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6
Q

Thalassemia- Sx

A
  • Microcytic anemia
    Alpha- Asymptomatic to chronic hemolytic anemia
  • Beta- Severe anemia, growth failure, bony deformaties
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7
Q

Thalassemia- Dx

A
  • Increased RBC count
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8
Q

Thalassemia- Tx

A
  • Folate & blood transfusion

- Splenectomy with hypersplenism

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9
Q

Sickle cell- Eti

A
  • Autosomal recessive
  • Sickling of RBCs due to aa substitution
  • American blacks
  • Onset in first year of life
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10
Q

Sickle cell- Sx

A
  • Chronic hemolytic anemia
  • Pain in bones and chest, produce low grade fever
  • Vaso-occlusion
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11
Q

Sickle cell- Dx

A
  • Genetic testing & peripheral blood smear

- Hemoglobin electrophoresis

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12
Q

Sickle cell- Tx

A
  • Folic acid

- Hodroxyurea

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13
Q

Iron deficiency anemia- Eti

A
  • Low serum ferritin
  • Most common cause of anemia worldwide
  • Due to bleeding, celiac sprue, deficient diet
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14
Q

Iron deficiency anemia- Sx

A
  • Microcytic anemia
  • Fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, tachypnea on exertion
  • Smooth tounge, brittle nails, spooning
  • Pica
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15
Q

Iron deficiency anemia- Dx

A
  • Serum ferritin
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16
Q

Iron deficiency anemia- Tx

A

Iron supplementation

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17
Q

G6PD deficiency- Eti

A

Sporatic hemolysis with drugs/ fav beans

  • Asian & africans
  • Protects from malaria
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18
Q

G6PD deficiency- Sx

A

X-linked

  • Episodic hemolysis with oxidant stress
  • Pallor, jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia
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19
Q

G6PD deficiency- Dx

A

Heinz bodies, decreased G6PD in erythrocytes

20
Q

G6PD deficiency- Tx

A
  • Avoid drugs, fav

- Phototherapy

21
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura- Eti

A
  • Most common bleedign disorder in children
  • 2-5 yo, post viral
  • Decreased platelets
22
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura- Sx

A
  • Petechiae
  • Eccymosis
  • Epsitaxis
23
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura- Dx

A

Decreased platelets, increased megakaryocytes

24
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura- Tx

A
  • None, avoid ASA & NSAIDs
25
Q

Hemophilia- Eto

A

Reduction in factor VIII

26
Q

Hemophilia- Sx

A
  • Easy brushing
  • Unable to stop bleeding
  • Hemearthrosis
  • Blood in joints, muscles, viscera
  • ABn joint fxn
27
Q

Hemophilia- Dx

A

Prolonged PTT

28
Q

Hemophilia- Tx

A

Treat with factor VIII
Desmoproessin
- Avoid high risk activities

29
Q

Von willebrand- Eti

A
  • Inherited bleeding disorder

- Caucasians

30
Q

Von willebrand- Sx

A

Epistaxis
- Easy bruising
-

31
Q

Von willebrand- Sx

A
  • Epistaxis
  • Easy bruising
  • Tx with desmopression and add clotting factors
32
Q

Acute lymph leukemia- Eti

A

Most common malig of childhood
Lymphocytes / bone marrow
- Peak at 4 yrs
- Increased risk down syndrome

33
Q

Acute lymph leukemia- Sx

A
  • Fever, infection, pallor, petechiae, bone pain

- Hepatosplenomegaly

34
Q

Acute lymph leukemia- Dx

A

Cytopenia

CXR: mediastinal widening, long bone demineralization

35
Q

Acute lymph leukemia- Tx

A

Prenisone

36
Q

Acute myeloid- Eti

A
  • Myeloid cells

- More common in adults

37
Q

Hodgkin- Eti

A

Common in kids, adolescence

38
Q

Hodgkin- Sx

A
  • Painless cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Mediastinal mass
  • Wt loss, nt sweats
39
Q

Non-hodgkin- Eti

A
  • Immunocompromised kids
40
Q

Non-hodkin- Sz

A
  • Cough, dyspnea, swelling of face

- Abd pain, ascites

41
Q

CNS tumors- Eti

A

Astrocytoma

  • Rare
  • Most common solid tumor
42
Q

CNS tumors- Sz

A
  • Morning HA
  • Vomiting
  • Papilledema
  • Increased head circumference
  • CN palsies
43
Q

CNS tumors- Sz

A
  • Morning HA
  • Vomiting
  • Papilledema
  • Increased head circumference
  • CN palsies
44
Q

Osteosarcoma- Eti

A
  • Affects long bones
  • Taller than peers
  • rapid bone growth, pain, decreased ROM
45
Q

Ewing scarcoma

A
  • 20 yr old white dudes
  • Small malignant in diaphysis of long bones
  • Pain at site of tumor

I&E (12 decks)

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