peds other 2 Flashcards
How is food allergy diagnosed? What is the reliability of IgE testing?
IgE testing is not reliable.
The diagnosis should be based on double blind oral food challenge.
Which is the most frequent glomerulonephritis type?
IgA nephropathy.
Which is the most common cause of strangulation ileus?
Incarcerated hernia.
Which are the 4 presenting symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
- Polyuria,
- Polydipsia,
- Weight loss with good appetite,
- Fatigue-weakness.
What is the choice of imaging modality if acute osteomyelitis is suspected?
MRI
What is the prognosis of West-syndrome or infantile spasm?
Usually poor.
At what age do the fontanelles close at the latest?
Posterior fontanelle: by 3 months
Anterior fontanelle: by 18 months.
The final therapy of biliary atresia is liver transplantation. There is a surgical bridging therapy before transplantation. What is the name of this operation?
Kasai porto-enterostomy.
In which part of the bone does osteomyelitis start?
In the metaphysis.
Name the condition of infants associated with abdominal pain in which bowel movements are
preceded by tension and crying lasting for about 10 minutes?
Infantile dyschezia
The most frequent pathogen of sinusitis and otitis media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What is the first therapeutic choice in Crohn’s disease?
Exclusive enteral nutrition.
What is chicken pox (varicella) reactivation called?
Herpes zoster.
How do we give oxygen to a conscious patient in an emergency situation who is breathing spontaneously?
Through a face mask with a reservoir, with high flow oxygen (10-15 l/min).
Which bacterium is the most frequent cause of childhood pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What glucose levels are diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?
Fasting blood glucose level higher than 7 mmol/l
Or more than 11.1 mmol/l at any time or at any point during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
How can we estimate the body weight between the ages of 2-8 years?
(2 x years) + 8.
List the signs of increased work of breathing!
- Use of respiratory accessory muscles
- Intercostal retraction
- Jugular retraction
- Nasal flaring
- Paradoxical breathing
- Grunting.
Which muscles are affected in juvenile polymyositis?
Proximal muscles of the limbs.
When is it suggested to introduce cow’s milk for children?
After 12 months of age.
How can you diagnose perforation in a critically ill baby with necrotizing enterocolitis if you cannot move them in the incubator?
Horizontal X-ray from side position while the baby is lying on the back.
What is the ideal age for closing the soft palate defect?
Between 9 and 18 months.
Age limits of puberty?
Boys: 9-14 years.
Girls: 8-13 years.
Which cultured pathogen from throat swabs warrants antibiotic treatment?
Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A strep)
What is the most common presentation of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants?
Bloody stool
What is the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (first- and second-line treatment.)?
IVIG
Corticosteroid
What are the 4 most important indications of adenoidectomy?
- Recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract
- Recurrent otitis media
- Inhibition of nasal breathing
- Obstructive sleep apnea.
What kind of diseases are included in atopic march and in which order?
- Atopic dermatitis
- Food allergy
- Asthma bronchiale
- Allergic rhinitis.
This order: Atopic dermatitis food allergy - asthma bronchiale - allergic rhinitis
What is the most common type of malignancy in childhood?
ALL.
What percentage of the mortality is caused by accidents in Hungary in children older than 1 year?
36-40%, this is the main cause of death in children older than 1 year.
What are the most important diseases which can be easily diagnosed and followed up by cranial ultrasound?
Brain hemorrhage and hydrocephalus.
What are the B-symptoms in lymphoma?
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss.
What does precocious puberty mean in the case of girls?
If the secondary sexual characteristics appears before the age of 8 years
What are the serum electrolyte disturbances in case of tumor lysis syndrome?
Elevated potassium, phosphate and uric acid
Decreased calcium.
What is the most modern therapeutic method of type-one diabetes?
Insulin pump with an integrated glucose sensor.
