peds other 1

Question 1

How often should a baby be breastfed?

Answer 1

On-demand.

Question 2

What is a haploidentical transplant?

Answer 2

Half matched HLA antigen stem cell transplant (from usually a family member).

Question 3

What is the radiological sign of duodenal atresia?

Answer 3

„Double-bubble” sign

Question 4

What is the definition of “graft versus leukemia”?

Answer 4

Immunologic attack of the donor cells against the patient’s leukaemic cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Question 5

What are typical signs of bacterial otitis externa?

Answer 5

Pain and/or tenderness of the tragus.

Question 6

In which case serological testing is not informative in celiac disease.

Answer 6

In IgA deficiency.

Question 7

The most common cause of transfusion-requiring hematochezia, without abdominal pain and without diarrhea:

Answer 7

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 8

What are the typical abnormalities in urine analysis in glomerulonephritis?

Answer 8

Red blood cells and red blood cell cylinders.
Proteinuria can also appear.

Question 9

What is the most likely diagnosis in the following case: patient with polyuria, polydipsia with positive urine glucose and acetone test?

Answer 9

Diabetes mellitus.

Question 10

Which is the contagious disease that causes severe fetal injuries in 80 percent of its cases?

Answer 10

Rubella.

Question 11

Name of the two most common pathogens of newborn meningitis!

Answer 11

Streptococcus agalactiae
E. coli.

Question 12

Name at least 5 extraintestinal abnormalities in celiac disease:

Answer 12

• Hepatitis
• Osteoporosis
• Arthritis,
• Isolated iron deficiency
• Duhring-disease (dermatitis herpetiformis).

Question 13

What are the physical symptoms of anemia?

Answer 13

• Fatigue
• Paleness
• Tachycardia
• Systolic heart murmurs

Question 14

For how long can we see the shadow of the thymus on the thoracic X-ray?

Answer 14

Until 3 years of age.

Question 15

Which disease should be suspected in case of bloody stool and vomiting in neonates?

Answer 15

Volvulus

Question 16

What to do in case of neutropenic fever?

Answer 16

Broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy after taking blood cultures.

Question 17

What are the two most frequent chest deformities?

Answer 17

Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum.

Question 18

What changes can we see in the urine sediment in typical pyelonephritis?

Answer 18

Leukocytes and bacteria

Question 19

What is the most frequent pathogen in urinary tract infections?

Answer 19

E. coli.

Question 20

A patient with typical diabetes symptoms has a 18.2 mmol/l blood sugar level in the afternoon. What is to be done?

Answer 20

Refer the child to a pediatric diabetic center immediately.

Question 21

What radiological examinations can be done to diagnose VUR? (Name three!).

Answer 21

• MCU (Micturating cystourethrogram)
• Sono-cystography
• Dynamic kidney-scintigraphy.

Question 22

What is the sixth disease?

Answer 22

Exanthema subitum, roseola infantum.

Question 23

Which is the most common adrenocortical enzyme defect?

Answer 23

The defect of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme.

Question 24

What are the typical characteristics of perianal fissures in Crohn’s disease?

Answer 24

Not in the midline, deep, not painful.

Question 25

How does the mother’s iodine deficiency influence the newborn’s thyroid function?

Answer 25

It results in temporary primary hypothyroidism.

Question 26

The amount of a single fluid bolus required to treat septic shock:

Answer 26

10 ml/kg.

Question 27

Define paradoxical breathing!

Answer 27

The chest moves inward and the abdomen moves outward during inhalation, and vice versa.

Question 28

What is the heart rate and respiratory rate of a healthy newborn?

Answer 28

Respiratory rate: 50-60/min
Heart rate: 120-160/min.

Question 29

What factors are included in the croup score?

Answer 29

• Sound of inhalation
• Stridor
• Cough
• Signs of dyspnea (nasal flaring, retractions)
• Cyanosis.

Question 30

What is the most serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Answer 30

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

Question 31

What is the most common cause of new onset cough?

Answer 31

Viral infection.

Question 32

What is the most frequent cause of hypertension before the adolescent age?

Answer 32

Kidney disease.

Question 33

What is the most common cause of a cough ongoing since birth which always presents during
feeding?

Answer 33

Tracheoesophageal fistula.

Question 34

How does the breast milk’s protein content relate to the cow’s milk protein content?

Answer 34

One third.

Question 35

In case of pain localized to one point in the bone, when should we order an X-ray if the pain
does not stop?

Answer 35

1 week

Question 36

What is the diagnostic basis of erythema migrans?

Answer 36

Tick bite and the clinical picture:
growing erythema which is more than 5 cm in diameter.

Question 37

In which chromosomal abnormality is duodenal atresia common?

Answer 37

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Question 38

Standard imaging modality of polytraumatized patients:

Answer 38

Acute CT.

Question 39

What are the symptoms and laboratory signs of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 39

• Hematuria
• Edema
• Hypertension
• Uraemia
• Oliguria
  (kidney failure is correct instead of the latter two)

Question 40

What is the recommended empiric treatment of neonates with suspected sepsis?

Answer 40

Ampicillin + Gentamycin.