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OPP IV Final > Peds Neuro > Flashcards

Peds Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of cerebral palsy

A

abnormalities of motor activity and posure
non-progressive
changing
involves motor system

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2
Q

what can cause CP

A

perinatal asphyxia
complications of prematurity
perinatal infection
kernicterus

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3
Q

6 forms of CP

A 
spastic/pyramidal
non spastic/extrapyramidal
atonic
cerebellar
ataxic
combined
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4
Q

most common CP

A

spastic pyramidal

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5
Q

DDx CP

A

neurodegeneration: leukodystrophies
inborn errors: inherited metabolic disorders, metabolic myopathies, metabolic neuropathy, Neimann Pick, Mitochondrial disorders, lesch nyhan
developmental or traumatic lesions
neoplasms

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6
Q

Dx of CP

A

observation of slow motor development, abnormal muscle tone, unusual posture
assessment of persistent infantile reflexes is important: moro reflex

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7
Q

earliest signs of spasticity

A

resistance to passive motion, especially flexion

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8
Q

CP should not be Dx before what age

A

2 y.o

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9
Q

cerebral imaging for CP

A

CT MRI US

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10
Q

goals of OMT in CP patient

A

muscle tone

proprioceptive input to affect motor output

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11
Q

influences on proprioceptive input to affect motor input

A

primary somatosensory mapping
muscle coupling
movement strategies

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12
Q

complaint of chronic muscle spasms

A

pain

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13
Q

how can OMT limit contractures

A

changing proprioceptive input from joints, CT and muscle which affect posture, balance and movement

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14
Q

common complication with CP patients in wheelchairs

A

hip dislocation as a result of hip contractures

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15
Q

Signs pyramidal CP

A 
UMN damage
hypertonic and spasticity
70-80% CP patients
stiff rigid limbs
exaggerated reflexes
jerky movements
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16
Q

assoc pathology with spastic CP

A

hip pathology, scoliosis and limb deformities

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17
Q

area of brain implicated in extrapyramidal CP

A

basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum

18
Q

types of extrapyramidal CP

A

ataxic and dyskinetic

19
Q

main characteristics extrapyramidal CP

A

impairments in involuntary movement
dyskinesias
dystonias
athetosis

20
Q

types of dyskinetic CP

A

athetoid– involuntary movement

dystonia/dystonic–trunk mm more than limbs and results in twisted posture

21
Q

most common area of LE affected by postural compensation

A 
hamstring hypertonicity
post innominate and dec lumbar lordosis
extension TLJ
flattened thoracic kyphosis
extended OA
22
Q

myotactic reflex

A

monosynaptic reflex with sensory input via DRG and motor output from ventral horn

23
Q

Muscle energy types

A 
isometric
isotonic concentric
isotonic eccentric
isolytic
resciprocol inhibition
24
Q

isotonic concentric

A

same tone, shorten the muscle (let patient win)

25
Q

isotonic eccentric

A

same tone, lengthen muscle (let physician win)

26
Q

isolytic

A

quickly overcoming patient contraction

27
Q

reciprocol inhibition

A

withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes

applyin gMET to one group of mm to affect antagonist

28
Q

MET is not best choice for kids under what age

A

8 y.o

29
Q

isolytic MET is good for what

A

adhesions, fibrosis from long term contraction

can use directly on hypertonic mm

30
Q

Reciprocol inhibition MET used for

A

decrease tone to hypertonic mm using mm that are better under voluntary
hemiplegia
unilateral contractures

31
Q

baseline tone in spastic and non spastic CP

A

dec in nonspastic

inc in spastic

32
Q

50% of what type CP have sensorineural hearing loss

A

non spastic

33
Q

non spastic CP will have what eye complications

A

strabismus

nystagmus

34
Q

postural compensations

A

create balance and stability shortening antigravity mm
decrease cervical lordosis, head forward posture
common orthopedic problems

35
Q

common complaints postural compensation

A

back pain, knee, hip pain and HA

36
Q

decreased cervical lordosis can lead to what

A

extension dysfunction of OA
shortening of suboccipital mm
chronic HA and bruxism

37
Q

isotonic eccentric ME in nonspastic CP

A

address shortened mm (antigravity)

38
Q

isotonic concentric ME in nonspastic CP

A

help strenghten and improve firing patterns of hypotonic mm

39
Q

good technique for all types CP

A

myofascial release
BLT to balance tone and interosseous membrane
FPR for short restrictors
counterstrain to lengthen and relax tone in long restrictor mm

40
Q

What OMT can parents do for CP patients

A

rib raising
diaphragms
lymph pumps
to prevent hospitalization

41
Q

OMT for pneumonia and reflux

A

maximize O2 and ability to clear secretions: ribs thoracic vertebral motion, myofascial motion
reduce reflux: diaphragm motion middle cervicals and thoracics, also cranial base

42
Q

importance when working with PC patient

A

recognize pattern changes that signal something may be happening

OPP IV Final (8 decks)

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