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Peds > PEDS MT review questions > Flashcards

PEDS MT review questions Flashcards

1
Q

the primodial gut is divided into what 3 parts?

A
  1. foregut
  2. midgut
  3. hindgut
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2
Q

which primordial gut forms the physiological herniation? When is this seen?

A

mid gut

- seen at 8-12 weeks GA

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3
Q

what emryological structure forms the ligamentum teres?

A

left umbilical vein

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4
Q

what embryological structure forms the ligamentum venosum?

A

ductus venosus

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5
Q

2 types of buds that form the pancreas and what they form?

A
  1. ventral- uncinate/head

2. dorsal: body/tail

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6
Q

what are the three embryological primitice kidneys called?

A
  1. pronephros
  2. mesonephros
  3. metanephros
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7
Q

2 parts of the adrenal gland?

A
  1. medulla

2. cortex

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8
Q

7 year old boy presents for abdo scan. Presents with abdominal pain and distention. Ultrasound demonstrated a large, complex mass in RT lobe of liver with a hyperechoic rim. Anechoic areas are seen along with a few calcifications. Lab reveals normal AFP level. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Mesenchymal sarcoma

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9
Q

abdominal scan ordered on 10 year old with cystic fibrosis. What finding may be expected? (4)

A
  • fatty liver/cirrhosis
  • gallstones/sludge
  • echogenic panc.
  • meconium ileus
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10
Q

ectoderm gives rise to which tissues?

A
  • skin

- nervous system

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11
Q

50% of perdiatric US workload is gyne-torsion, hemorrhagic cysts and PID? True of false?

A

false

- 50% renal tract

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12
Q

A tumor marker often increases in cases of HCC, hepatoblastoma, and testicular cancer?

A

AFP

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13
Q

Patients with hemangioendotelioma typically are asymptomatic? T or F?

A

False

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14
Q

most common perdiatric liver mass?

A

Hepatoblastoma

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15
Q

most common tumor of liver in neonates?

A

hemangioma

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16
Q

5 month old presents with palpable liver. Ultrasound reveals a solid, vascular mass with Linear foci within the lesion. Appears rather benign on ultrasound. What is it?

A

Hemangioendothelioma

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17
Q

A 4yr old boy with glycogen storage disease suddenly presents with liver failure and GI bleeding. Ultrasound demonstrates solid hyperechoic mass occupying the entire liver.

A

HCC

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18
Q

A 2 year old boy presents with a tummy ache after eating french fries. Sometimes he has nausea. Most common finding on U/S would be?

A

cholelithiasis

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19
Q

A 7year old girl, with a previous history of Crohn’s disease, presents with RUQ pain and jaundice. Ultrasound reveals severely thickened walls of bile ducts. The most likely diagnosis for this would be?

A

sclerosing cholangitis

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20
Q

20 day old baby boy presents with absent femoral pulses and blanching of the lower extremities. Ultrasound reveals echogenic material within the aortic lumen.

A

aortic thrombus

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21
Q

A 4 week old newborn presents with jaundice. Ultrasound reveals a gallbladder of less than 1.5cm in length. The neonate most likely has?

A

biliary atresia

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22
Q

A 5 year old boy presents with increasing abdominal girth and jaundice. Sonographic findings demonstrate a solid, hypoechoic mass within the bile ducts. This boy has?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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23
Q

5 month old girl presents with palpable RUQ mass. U/S demonstrated normal liver and GB. A 3cm cystic mass is seen in area of porta hepatis and appears to be separate from GB. Low-level echoes are seen in the dependent portion of the cyst and appear to change position when the patient is rolled into decube. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Type 1 choledochal cyst with sludge

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24
Q

Patient presents with Wilms tumor for an U/S. You see an echogenic mass within the lumen of the IVC and hypoechoic, oval masses surrounding the aorta and IVC. whats the most likely diagnosis?

A
  • ivc thrombus with lymphadenopathy
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25
Q

A child presents with severe hypertention, headaches, and fatigue.
Most likely diagnosis?

A

coarctation of aorta

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26
Q

Tumor invasion of IVC occurs from? (5)

A 
Wilms tumor
Neuroblastoma
Sarcoma
HCC
Lymphoma
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27
Q

US of liver in patients with acute hepatitis may appear normal. T or F?

A

True

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28
Q

List the types of liver abscesses? (3)

A
  1. fungal
  2. amebic
  3. pyogenic
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29
Q 
Which condition(s) does NOT cause cirrhosis?
Biliary atresia
Malnutrition
Cystic fibrosis
Chronic hepatitis
Hyperalimentation
Medications
A

Malnutrition and hyperalimentation

they can cause fatty liver

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30
Q

Which pathologies casue increase in AFP?

A

Hepatoblastoma and HCC

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31
Q

Biliary atresia causes increase in what?

A

Conjugated / Direct bilirubin

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32
Q

Name the three common symptoms of choledochal cyst?

A

Abdo pain
Palpable mass
Jaundice

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33
Q

Describe the most common type of choledochal cyst?

A

Type 1, concentric / fusiform dilatation of CBD

34
Q

Biliary atresia is strongly associated with IBD? T or F?

A

False

Sclerosing cholangitis is strongly assoc. with IBD

35
Q

The most common cause of pancreatitis in children?

A

Blunt abdo trauma

36
Q

List the four m/c complications of pancreatitis?

A
  1. psedocyst
  2. phlegmon
  3. hemorrhage
  4. abscess
37
Q

Sonographic findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome?
main? (3)
secondary? (3)

A

Hepatomegaly
Echogenic clot in HVs
Absence of flow in HVs

Secondary findings
Ascites
Pleural effusion
GB wall edema

38
Q

Clinical signs of insulinoma. Is the tumor typically small or large at presentation? Why?

A

Hypoglycemia leads to

  • Erratic behavior
  • Seizures
  • Small, because it’s functioning
  • Clinical signs show early
39
Q 
Gallstones are not common in pediatric population. However, certain conditions predispose a child to developing gallstones. Which of the following conditions does NOT predispose a pt to gallstones?
A) sickle cell disease
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemolytic anemia
D) pancreatitis
A

pancreatitis

40
Q

If increases BUN what does this indicate?

A

kidney damage

41
Q

increased creatinine indicates?

A

decreased renal function

42
Q

What is azotemia/uremia?

A

elevated nitrogen-containing substances in blood (BUN and creatinine)

43
Q

What is micturition?

A

voiding/discharge of urine

44
Q

What is hyperalimentation?

A

The administration of nutrients through IV feeding

45
Q

Liver parenchyma arises from?

A

endoderm

46
Q

What is the significance of mesonephros?

A

provides partial function while permanent kidneys continue to develop

47
Q

An infant presents with a history of vomiting. While evaluating the patient, you notice a vessel immediately anterior to the SMA. With further evaluation, this vessel is identified as SMV.
What condition is associated with this finding?

A

midgut malrotation

48
Q

What abdominal pathology might you expect to find in a pt with cystic fibrosis during scan?

A

Fatty liver / Liver cirrohis

Gallstones / GB sludge

Echogenic pancreas

Meconium ileus

49
Q

The stomach in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is often filled with fluid even if the pt has been fasting. T or F?

A

True

50
Q

Patients with hemangioendothelioma typically are asymptomatic. True/ False?

A

False

51
Q

Which disease results in the absence of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and possibly the absence of the GB?

A

Biliary atresia

52
Q

Which disease results in the absence of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and possibly the absence of the GB?

A

Biliary atresia

53
Q

What may cause cirrhosis of the liver? (3)

A

Biliary atresia
Cystic fibrosis
Metabolic diseases

54
Q

With hypertrophic pyloric stenosis the stomach wall is grossly enlarged. T or F?

A

False

55
Q

Most common pediatric liver mass?

A

Hepatoblastoma

56
Q

It is the 2nd most common cause of obstructive jaundice in children
Arises from the biliary tract
Solid, malignant

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

57
Q

3 D/D for hepatoblastoma?

A
  1. hepatoma
  2. infantile hemangioendothelioma
  3. mesenchymal hamartoma
58
Q

The IVC may be interrapted and drain via?

A

azygous vein

59
Q

These structures may be mistaken for a renal cyst in infants and young children?

A

renal pyramid

60
Q

What’s enuresis?

A

Involuntary discharge of urine during sleep

61
Q

What is vesicoureteral reflux?

A

When valves at the junction of the ureter and bladder allow urine from bladder to back up into ureter and kidney

62
Q

An overly distended urinary bladder is common in cases of bilateral renal agenesis. T or F?

A

False

63
Q

Prune belly syndrome associated with all of the following except?

Cryptorchidism
Dysplastic kidneys
Wilm’s tumor
Absent abdominal muscles

A

Wilm’s tumor

64
Q

Male neonate
Rt kidney – NAD
Lt kindey – composed of multiple cysts of varying sizes. No normal parenchyma or sinus visualized.
What’s the most likely diagnosis?

A

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

65
Q

A neonate born with a palpable left flank mass.
US – large solid homogeneous mass in lt kidney. Very little normal renal parenchyma is seen.
Most likely diagnosis?

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

66
Q

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in pediatrics?

A

UPJ obstruction

67
Q

2- month old infant presents with enlarging, palpable left flank mass and mild hypertension. Sono shows large, solid, ill-defined echogenic mass seen superior to left kidney. Calcifications with shadowing are present within the mass. The kidney appears to be displaced inferiorly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

neuroblastoma

68
Q

what is the most common children adrenal tumor??

A

neuroblastoma

69
Q

When is adrenal hemorrhage typically diagnosed?

A

1 week old

70
Q

Angyomyolipomas closely associated with?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

71
Q

The three most common causes of hydronephrosis are?

A
  • UPJ obstruction
  • UVJ obstruction
  • duplication of collecting system
72
Q

The most common sonographic finding in cases of pyelonephritis is?

A

enlargement of kidneys

73
Q

Neuroblastoma typically have defined borders. T or F?

A

False

74
Q

Why adrenal glands in neonates susceptible to hemorrhage?

When does this pathology commonly identified?

A

large size and vasularity

1st week of life

75
Q

Children with cystic fibrosis are predisposed to gallstones

t/f ?

A

True

76
Q

What is the typical clinical presentation in pt with insulinoma?

A

Hypoglycemia

  • Erratic behaviour
  • Seizures
77
Q

US appearance in chronic pancreatitis?

A
  • Shrunken pancreas
  • Irregular borders
  • echogenic due to fibrosis
  • Calcifications
78
Q

Causes of portal vein thrombosis?

A
  • thrombosis due to dehydration, catheterization, shock, portal hypertension
  • tumor invasion from HCC or hepatoblastoma
79
Q

3 most common causes of jaundice are?

A
  1. hepatitis
  2. biliary atresia
  3. choledochal cyst
80
Q

3 most common clinical symptoms of choledochal cysts?

A
  • mass
  • pain
  • jaundice

Peds (18 decks)

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