Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > female pelvis > Flashcards

female pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what passively develops into female organs?

A

paramesonepheric duct (mullerian duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

paramesonepheric ducts develop into? (4)

A
  • fallopian tubes
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • upper vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lower part of vagina develops from the?

A

urogenital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Development of the Ovary?

A

Ovaries – dual function
Gonads – contain egg cells (oocytes)
Endocrine glands - produce hormones

  • There are several million oocytes in a developing ovary
  • By birth 1 million left
  • By menarche less than half million left.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neonatal pelvis is examined for three main reasons?

A
  1. pelvic/abdominal mass
  2. ambiguous genitalia
  3. prenatally detected abdominal/ pelvic cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

young girls reason for sono exam?

A
  1. vaginal bleeding

2. pelvic pain or mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neonate- 6 years old ovarian volume?

A

1.0ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6-11 years ovarian volume?

A

up to 2.5ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

after puberty ovarian volume?

A

up to 10ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neonate female pelvis?

A
  • endometrium is prominent

- follicles >9mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ovaries and uterus are larger in a newborn compared to 1-2 yrs old girls T or F?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

neonatal uterus fundus/cervix ratio and shape?

A

ratio: 1:2
shape: spade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prepubertal uterus fundus/cervix ratio and shape?

A

ratio: 1:1
shape: tubular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pubertal uterus fundus/cervix ratio and shape?

A

ratio: 3:1
shape: pear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathology of Pediatric Pelvis? (5)

A 
Uterine malformations
Genital tract obstruction
Pediatric Pregnancy
Ambiguous genitalia
PID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 uterine malformations?

A
  • arrested development of mullerian ducts
  • failure of fusion of millerian ducts
  • failure of reasoption of median septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

arested development of MD 2 catagories?

A

bilateral: uterine agesnisis/ hypoplasia
unilateral: uterus unicornis unicollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bilateral arrested development?

A

agenesis:
- Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
– complete agenesis of uterus and vagina

Hypoplasia:
- symptoms vary by a degree of hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unilateral arrested development s/s?

A

Uterus unicornis unicollis:

  • One mullerian duct fails to develop
  • Rudimentary horn may be present
  • Poor pregnancy outcomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 categories of failure of fusion of MD bicornuate uterus?

A

complete

incomplete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

complete failure of fusion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

complete failure of fusion of MD bicornuate uterus involves?

A
  • uterus didelphys

- 2x uterus, cervix, vagina, endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

incomplete failure of fusion of MD bicornuate uterus involves?

A
  • uterus bicornis bicollis
  • uterus bicornis unicollis
  • uterus arcuatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

failure of fusion of MD is associated with?

A

vaginal septa (25%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

complete failure of fusion of MD?

A

Didelphys:

  • Two hemiuteri
  • No communication with other side
  • Each side has tube, ovary, endo, upper vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

incomplete Failure of Fusion of MD?

A
  • U. bicornis bicollis
  • U. bicornis unicollis
  • Arcuate U.
  • Mild indentation of endo at fundus
  • Poor pregnancy outcomes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

failure of resorption of median septum?

A

duplication of the uterine cavity without duplication of the horns

  1. complete uterus septus
  2. incomplete uterus subseptus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is failure of resorption?

A
  • complete fusion of MD
  • median septum fails to resorb
  • 2 uterine cavities form
  • most common malformation of uterus
  • poor pregnancy outcomes
  • treatment: resection of septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
A

U. unicornis unicollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

reasons for genital tract obstruction? (3)

A
  1. imperforate hymen
  2. transverse vaginal septum
  3. vaginal atresia or stenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Genital tract obstruction can result in? (6)

A 
Hydrocolpos
Hydrometracolpos
Hematocolpos
Hematometracolpos
Pyocolpos
Pyometracolpos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hydrocolpos?

A
  • Premenstrual vaginal secretions trapped

SONO:

  • large distended anechoic vagina
  • Fluid can become infected -pyocolpos (pus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hydrometrocolpos?

A

extension of hydrocolpos to uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hematometrocolpos?

A
  • After puberty, blood in the endo and vagina

- If infected -pyometracolpos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

genital tract obstruction clinical presentation?

A

Neonates present with an abdominal mass

After puberty - amenorrhea and cyclical pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

genital tract obstruction sono?

A
  • Pear-shaped cystic mass arising out of the pelvis containing fluid
  • Hydronephrosis due to obstruction from the mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pediatric Pregnancy?

A

Must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in girls 9 years of age or older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

pediatric pregnancy increased complications? (5)

A 
Toxemia
Preeclampsia
Placental abruption
Cesarean section
Prematurity and perinatal mortality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

definition of Ambiguous Genitalia?

A

If a child born with a micropenis with no palpable gonads or only one palpable gonad

  • one of the main indications for US of neonate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ambiguous Genitalia- role of ultrasound?

A
  • Determine the presence of the uterus
  • The presence of the uterus and ovaries will point to a virilized female
  • Identify the gonads.
  • The presence of testis palpable and seen in the scrotum or lower inguinal canal will rule out virilazation of female infant
  • R/o CAH and renal anomalies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ?

A

infection of the upper genital tract usually caused by gonorrhea or chalmydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease can result in?

A
  • chronic pelvis pain
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

whats at higher risk for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ?

A
  • adolescent females

- sexually active females presenting with pelvic pain

44
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease infections spreads from?

A

vagina-cervix-uterus-fallopian tubes-ovaries-peritoneal cavity

45
Q

PID endometritis stage- sono findings?

A
  • Pelvic anatomy appears normal or
  • Uterus may be enlarged, more
    hyperechoic, small amount of fluid in the endometrial canal
  • fallopian tubes (not usually seen) become thick-walled and filled with purulent material
46
Q

PID pyosalpinx sono features?

A

dilated, occluded tube that contains purulent material

47
Q

PID hydrosalpinx sono features?

A

dilated tube with anechoic fluid

48
Q

A complication of PID?

A

gonococcal or chlamydial perihepatitis (localized peritonitis)

49
Q
A

hematocolpos

50
Q
A

ambiguous genitalia

51
Q

higher incidence of larger cysts is mother had?

A
  • toxemia
  • diabetes
  • Rh isoimmunization
52
Q

4 types of cysts?

A
  • follicular
  • corpus luteal
  • theca lutein
  • paraovarian
53
Q

what is a follicular cyst?

A

clear or serous fluid

54
Q

what is a corpus luteal?

A
  • serous or hemorrhagic fluid
55
Q

theca lutein cyst is caused by?

A
  • GTD or

- clomiphene/ clomid

56
Q

what is a paraovarian cyst?

A
  • rare

- in broad ligament or fallopian tubes

57
Q

ovarian cysts: complications?

A
  • torsion
  • hemorrage
  • rupture
58
Q

ovarian cysts symptoms?

A
  • pain
  • tenderness
  • N & V
59
Q

what is torsion?

A
  • partial or complete roatation of the ovary on its vascular pedicle
  • compromised arterial and venous flow
  • hemorrhagic infarction
60
Q

torsion is often caused by?

A
  • ovarian cyst or tumor

- prepubertal girls can be predisposed (excessive mobility of the adnexa)

61
Q

torsion symptoms?

A
  • acute onset of abdominal pain
  • N & V
  • leukocytosis
62
Q

torsion on ultasound?

A
  • unilateral ovarian enlargement
  • fluid in PCDS
  • cyst or tumor
  • twisted vascular pedicle
63
Q

absence of flow is a reliable criteria for torsion T or F

A

False- it is not a reliable source

64
Q

target or whirlpool sign on doppler is associated with?

A

torsion

- twisted vascular pedicle

65
Q
A

ovarian torsion

66
Q
A

hemorrhagic cyst

67
Q

hemorrhagic cyst on u/s?

A
  • heterogenous mass
  • anechoic with hypoechoic material
  • increased TT
  • thick walls
  • septations
  • fluid in cul-de-sac
68
Q

PCOD aka?

A

stein-leventhal syndrome

69
Q

PCOD clinical features?

A
  • hirsutism
  • irregular menstrul bleeding
  • associated with obesity and diabetes
  • high incidence of endoetrial carcinoma
  • infertility
70
Q

PCOD on u/s?

A
  • bilateral enlarged rounded ovaries
  • ovarian vol.= 14cc
  • increased number of developing follicles (0.5-0.8cm)
71
Q
A

PCOD

72
Q

most ovarian neoplasms occur when?

A

most occur at puberty

73
Q

ovarian neoplasms usually present with?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • abdominal or pelvic mass
  • pain from torsion or hemorrhage
  • pain from torsion or hemorrhage into tumor
73
Q

ovarian neoplasms usually present with?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • abdominal or pelvic mass
  • pain from torsion or hemorrhage
  • pain from torsion or hemorrhage into tumor
74
Q

ovarian neoplasm with acites?

A
  • ascites is less common than in adults

- presence of ascites suggests malignancy

75
Q

ovarian neoplasms- role of sonographer?

A
  • site of orgin
  • solid/ cystic
  • fluid in POD
  • ascities
  • lymphadenopathy
  • mets
76
Q

3 primary ovarian neoplasms?

A
  • germ cell
  • epithelial cell
  • stromal cell
77
Q

germ cell tumors? (5)

A 
Benign teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Endodermal sinus tumors
Choriocarcinoma
78
Q

epithelial cell tumors? (3)

A

Serous cystadenoma
mucinous cystadenoma
serious cystadenocarcinoma
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

79
Q

stromal cell tumors? (3)

A

Granulosa theca cell tumor
Arrhenoblastoma
Gonadoblastoma

80
Q

Mets (non-primary) ovarian neoplasms?

A
  • leukemia
  • lymphoma
  • neuroblastoma
  • colon cancer
81
Q

germ cell tumors- benign teratoma sono apperance?

A
  • Predominantly cystic with or without mural nodule
  • Solid masses
  • Complex lesions with fat-fluid or hair-fluid levels
  • Calcifications
82
Q
A

benign teratoma

83
Q

what is Dysgerminoma?

A

Malignant
Large, solid, encapsulated
Rapidly growing
Hypoechoic areas from hemorrhage, necrosis

84
Q

Embryonal carcinoma, Endodermal sinus tumors, and Choriocarcinoma

A

Less common
Rapidly growing
Highly malignant
Solid
Spread by direct extension to opposite adnexa and retroperitoneal LNs
Cause peritoneal seedings, mets to liver, lung, bone, mediastinum

85
Q

granulosa theca cell tumor?

A
  • Associated with feminizing effects and precocious puberty (estrogen producing)
  • Most are benign
  • Solid, non-specific US appearance
86
Q

Arrhenoblastoma may result in?

A
  • rare

- may result in virilazation

87
Q

gonadoblatoma?

A
  • most are benign

- composed of gonadal elements (germ, stromal, and sex cord cells)

88
Q

Neoplasms of uterus and vagina?

A
  • Uncommon in children
  • If present, more likely malignant
  • Vagina is more common site than uterus
89
Q

types of neoplasms of the uterus and vagina?

A
  • rhabdomyosarcoma
  • endodermal sinus tumor
  • carcinoma of vagina
90
Q

endodermal sinus tumor?

A
  • highly malignant gern cell tumor of vagina
91
Q

what is carcinoma of the vagina from?

A
  • from in utero exposure to DES
92
Q

what is Rhabdomyosarcoma?

A
  • Malignant
  • Arise from uterus or vagina
  • Most often from anterior wall of vagina near cervix
  • May directly extent to bladder
93
Q

clinical presentation of Rhabdomyosarcoma?

A
  • 6-18 months old
  • vaginal bleeding
  • protrusion of polyploid cluster of masses
94
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma on u/s?

A
  • solid tumors
  • homogenous mass that filled the vaginal cavity
  • enlargeent of uterus with irregular contour
95
Q
A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

96
Q

Endocrine abnormalities with primary amenorrhea? (4)

A
  • Gonadal dysgenesis (m/c form – Turner’s syndrome)
  • Chromosomal abnormalities
  • Decreased hormonal states
  • Testicular feminization
97
Q

Endocrine abnormalities with primary amenorrhea role of sonographer?

A
  • assess uterine size, shape, maturity

- ovarian development

98
Q

Turner’s syndrome?

A
  • 45, XO karyotype
  • Delayed or absent puberty
  • Short statue, webbed neck
  • Renal and CV problems
99
Q

turner’s syndrome on u/s?

A
  • ovaries may not be seen
  • streak ovaries
  • prepubertal uterus
100
Q

Testicular feminization?

A
  • Sex-linked recessive abnormality
  • End-organ insensitivity to androgens
  • Phenotypic females with 46,XY karyotype
  • Absent uterus and ovaries
  • Ectopic testes
101
Q

Endocrine abnormalities: Precocious Puberty?

A
  • Development of secondary sexual characteristics, gonadal enlargement, & ovulation before age 8 yrs
102
Q

Endocrine abnormalities: Precocious Puberty clinical presentation?

A
  • Uterus enlarged with postpubertal shape
  • fundus/cx ratio - 2:1 to 3:1
  • Prominent endometrium
  • Ovarian volume > 1cc, with functional cysts
103
Q

percocious puberty- central type?

A
  • true precocious puberty
  • gonadotropin dependent
  • increases FSH, LH, and estrogen
104
Q

causes of percocious puberty- central type?

A
  • idiopathic

- intracranial tumor

105
Q

percocious puberty- peripheral type?

A
  • pseudoprecocious puberty
  • gonadotropin independent
  • increased estrogen
  • decreased FSH, LH
106
Q

causes of percocious puberty- peripheral type?

A

Ovarian tumor
Granulosa techa cell tumor
Dysgerminoma
Choriocarcinoma

Peds (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions