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Step 1 review cards > Peds Information > Flashcards

Peds Information Flashcards

1
Q

APGAR score

A

Determines overall likelihood to survive

  • o-7 = bad ; 8-10 = good
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2
Q

BP tests begin when?

A

3 yrs

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3
Q

BMI tests begin when?

A

2 yrs

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4
Q

Vision screening begins when?

A

3 yrs

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5
Q

Metabolic screening begins when?

A

Birth / 1-2 weeks

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6
Q

Cholesterol screening age ranges

A

9-11 ages and again at 17-21 ages

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7
Q

Hearing screening begins when?

A

Birth

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8
Q

What vaccine is always given 1st?

A

Hep B * within days of birth*

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9
Q

What vaccines are always 2nd?

A

Rota virus, tetanus toxoid, haemophalis influenza, IPV

  • usually just under 1 year*
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10
Q

What Auto immune diseases can be transferred through placenta?

A

Graves’ disease

Myasthenia gravis

Lupus

Thrombocytopenia

Vulgaris

Plasmapherisis eliminates these diseases from the neonate

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11
Q

Window of susceptibility

A

2-6 months, neonates are more likely to get infections due to decrease maternal IgG and low levels of own antibodies.

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12
Q

Normal weight gain patterns in neonates and the respective ages

A

2 days: lose 10% birth weight

7-10 days: return to normal birth weight

4-5 months: double birth weight

1 year: triple birth weight

2 years: quadruple birth weight

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13
Q

Average neonate weights at birth, 1/5/10 years

A

Birth: 3.5 kg

1 year: 10 kg

5 years: 20 kg

10 years: 30 kg

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14
Q

Average daily weight gain first 3-4 months and 5-12 months

A

3-4: 20-30g

5-12: 15-20g

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15
Q

Average height at birth, 1/3/4 years

A

Birth: 20 inches

1 year: 30 inches

3 years: 36 inches

4 years: 40 inches (double birth length)

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16
Q

Average head circumference at birth in centermeters and inches

A

35 cm or 13.5 inches

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17
Q

Sleep positions for neonates

A

Should always be in supine position and no bed sharing

exception is “tummy time” which is prone when supervised

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18
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

Asymmetric cranium caused by too much supine movement.

  • found in 5-48% of healthy newborns
  • most common is right side*
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19
Q

Craniosynostos

A

Premature closing of the cranial sutures

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20
Q

General developmental concepts

A

Overall development proceeds cephalocaudally

Control/function occurs in proximal-distal pattern

Gross motor before fine motor

Motor control directly entwined with communication.

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21
Q

Primitive reflexes

A

Sterotypic movements by specific stimuli for the 1st 3-6 months

Manifested from brain stem and spinal cord

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22
Q

Moro reflex

A

Occurs after loud noise or sudden dropping motion at rest.

  • baby will symmetrically abduct and extend arms and then extend the trunk spontaneously.
  • disappears once cortical functioning develops at 4 months
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23
Q

ATNR or fencing reflex

A

Turning the head of the baby one way should cause extension of the ipsilaterally arm and flexion of the contralateral.

Disappears by 4-6 months

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24
Q

Head is roughly how much weight from total body weight within 1 month of birth?

A

1/3

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25
Q

Age range to stand alone

A

9-16 months

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26
Q

Age range to be able to sit efficiently

A

6-11 months

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27
Q

Age range to being able to stand

A

6-12 months

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28
Q

Age range to be able to walk 3 steps by self

A

9-17 months

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29
Q

Age to be able to draw a triangle

A

5 years

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30
Q

Age to be able to draw a circle

A

3 years

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31
Q

Age to be able to draw a cross

A

4 years

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32
Q

Age to be able to draw a square

A

4 and 1/2 years

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33
Q

Age to be able to build a tower of two blocks

A

18 months

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34
Q

Age to be able to build a tower of 6 blocks

A

2 years

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35
Q

Age to be able to build a tower of 8 blocks

A

2 and 1/2 months

36
Q

Age to be able to build a block bridge and gate respectively

A

3 and 4 years

37
Q

Age to be able to build block steps

A

6 years

38
Q

Age to say mama and dada

A

9 months

39
Q

Age with smiling at parent voice and following parents with eyes

A

2 months

40
Q

Age of walking independently

A

1 and 1/2 years

41
Q

Age of being able to count multiple objects and tells names and address

A

5 years

42
Q

Age to speak multi word sentences and sort shapes

A

3 years

43
Q

Age to be able to follow simple instructions, speak in two word sentences and plays make believe

A

2 years

44
Q

Age to roll from back to stomach and vise versa as well as being able to move objects from hand-hand

A

6 months

45
Q

Speech developmental stages

A

2 years: 50%

3 years: 75%

4 years: 100%

% =. Intelligible language

46
Q

At what age do parents lose their children to their peer group? (Need to have instilled goodmorals)

A

11 years

47
Q

Age 6-11 year general info

A

Self esteem becomes a major issue (can begins as early as 5 though)

Judged more on ability

Experiences growth spurts

48
Q

Peak gray matter content is at what age?

A

12-14

49
Q

Sedentary habits are most dangerous for future health at which age group?

A

6-12

50
Q

Cardinal hallmark of being a sociopath

A

Hurting animals or humans before 6 years (or really any time)

51
Q

Puberty begins by increasing of what hormones?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Lutenizing hormone (LH) and FSH

52
Q

Androgen does what to children?

A

Develops hair and BO

53
Q

Thelarche

A

First appearance of breast (7-12 yrs)

54
Q

Pubarche

A

Development of pubic hair in girls

55
Q

Physiologic leukorrhea

A

clear Vaginal discharge before menarche

56
Q

Menarche (period) begins usually when

A
  1. 5 years (3years after thelarche began)

- during 4 SMR range w/ peak height

57
Q

Peak age for height in males vs females

A

14 and 11-12 respectively

58
Q

Anticipatory guidance for 2 month olds

A

Play on floor everyday

Read books every day

59
Q

When to worry about a 2 month old

A

No smiling

No hands in mouth

Can’t hold head up

Doesn’t respond to loud sounds

60
Q

Anticipatory guidance for a 3 year old

A

Talk sing and play every day

Play counting games

Give child simple 2 step instructions

61
Q

When to worry about a 3 year old

A

Drools or has unclear speech

Doesn’t make eye contact or speak in sentences

Doesn’t understand simple instructions

62
Q

Anticipatory guidance for 9 month old

A

Provide lots of room to play

Describe objects to infants

63
Q

What age does the thumb index reflex develop

A

9 months

64
Q

When to worry about a 9 month old

A

Doesn’t use mama or dada

Doesn’t respond to own name

Doesn’t sit w/ help

Doesn’t recognize familiar faces or play games

65
Q

Anticipatory guidance for a 2 year old

A

Encourage child to play w/ blocks and do simple chores

Teach child to identify body parts

66
Q

When to worry about a 2 year old

A

Doesn’t copy actions

Doesn’t use 2 word phrases

Doesn’t walk steady or loses skills

67
Q

anticipatory Guidance for a 4 month old

A

Have steady routines

Copy baby sounds and act excited when they make sounds

Play games

Give age appropriate toys

68
Q

When to worry about a 4 month old

A

Doesn’t watch things move

Doesn’t make any sounds

Can’t move eyes in all directions

69
Q

Anticipatory guidance for 12 month old

A

Give child lots of affection w/ good behavior

70
Q

When to worry about a 12 month old

A

Doesn’t crawl

Can’t stand when supported

Can’t say single words

71
Q

At what age Can a child start using objects correctly?

A

12 months

72
Q

At what age can a child Begin to sit without support and string vowels together

A

6 month old

73
Q

When to worry about a 6 month old

A

Doesn’t try to reach for things

Can’t roll over and doesnt make vowel sounds

74
Q

At what age can a child be separated from mom and dad easily

A

3 years

75
Q

At what age does a child start showing concern for emotions?

A

3 years old

76
Q

When to worry about a 2 year old

A

Doesn’t use 2 word phrases

Doesn’t follow simple instructions

Doesn’t walk steadily

Can’t use common objects for intended use

77
Q

At what age should one start setting strict rules and limits for a child

A

3 years old

78
Q

When to worry about a 3 year old

A

Drools

Doesn’t play pretend

Doesn’t make eye contact

Falls down a lot

79
Q

Ten commandment of vaccination

A

1: people should be vaccinated as infrequently as possible
2: a core vaccine is one that every person should get and non-core are not required
3: vaccines should be given to as much of the herd as possible
4: young people need special considerations
5: not everyone needs to get every vaccine
6: dont give vaccines to pregnant women unless specifically recommended
7: don’t vaccinate immunosuppressive patients
8: client and provides should chose together what vaccines are appropriate
9: read the vaccine data sheet
10: keep a report of vaccines and adverse events

80
Q

Vaccines to give children @ 1 year

A

MMR

Chickenpox

Hep A

81
Q

Vaccines to give children @ 7+ years

A

TDaP

HPV

Meningococcal

82
Q

Vaccines that should never be given to pregnant mothers

A

Measles, mumps, rubella

Varicella

Influenza

ANY LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES

83
Q

Safest live attenuated vaccine and the only live attenuated vaccine given to >1year children

A

Rotavirus vaccine

unless child is SCID, then DONT

84
Q

Age of being able to run and jump effectively

A

2 years

85
Q

Age of being able to walk independently

A

18 months

Step 1 review cards (24 decks)

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