Peds Information Flashcards
APGAR score
Determines overall likelihood to survive
- o-7 = bad ; 8-10 = good
BP tests begin when?
3 yrs
BMI tests begin when?
2 yrs
Vision screening begins when?
3 yrs
Metabolic screening begins when?
Birth / 1-2 weeks
Cholesterol screening age ranges
9-11 ages and again at 17-21 ages
Hearing screening begins when?
Birth
What vaccine is always given 1st?
Hep B * within days of birth*
What vaccines are always 2nd?
Rota virus, tetanus toxoid, haemophalis influenza, IPV
- usually just under 1 year*
What Auto immune diseases can be transferred through placenta?
Graves’ disease
Myasthenia gravis
Lupus
Thrombocytopenia
Vulgaris
Plasmapherisis eliminates these diseases from the neonate
Window of susceptibility
2-6 months, neonates are more likely to get infections due to decrease maternal IgG and low levels of own antibodies.
Normal weight gain patterns in neonates and the respective ages
2 days: lose 10% birth weight
7-10 days: return to normal birth weight
4-5 months: double birth weight
1 year: triple birth weight
2 years: quadruple birth weight
Average neonate weights at birth, 1/5/10 years
Birth: 3.5 kg
1 year: 10 kg
5 years: 20 kg
10 years: 30 kg
Average daily weight gain first 3-4 months and 5-12 months
3-4: 20-30g
5-12: 15-20g
Average height at birth, 1/3/4 years
Birth: 20 inches
1 year: 30 inches
3 years: 36 inches
4 years: 40 inches (double birth length)
Average head circumference at birth in centermeters and inches
35 cm or 13.5 inches
Sleep positions for neonates
Should always be in supine position and no bed sharing
exception is “tummy time” which is prone when supervised
Plagiocephaly
Asymmetric cranium caused by too much supine movement.
- found in 5-48% of healthy newborns
- most common is right side*
Craniosynostos
Premature closing of the cranial sutures
General developmental concepts
Overall development proceeds cephalocaudally
Control/function occurs in proximal-distal pattern
Gross motor before fine motor
Motor control directly entwined with communication.
Primitive reflexes
Sterotypic movements by specific stimuli for the 1st 3-6 months
Manifested from brain stem and spinal cord
Moro reflex
Occurs after loud noise or sudden dropping motion at rest.
- baby will symmetrically abduct and extend arms and then extend the trunk spontaneously.
- disappears once cortical functioning develops at 4 months
ATNR or fencing reflex
Turning the head of the baby one way should cause extension of the ipsilaterally arm and flexion of the contralateral.
Disappears by 4-6 months
Head is roughly how much weight from total body weight within 1 month of birth?
1/3
Age range to stand alone
9-16 months
Age range to be able to sit efficiently
6-11 months
Age range to being able to stand
6-12 months
Age range to be able to walk 3 steps by self
9-17 months
Age to be able to draw a triangle
5 years
Age to be able to draw a circle
3 years
Age to be able to draw a cross
4 years
Age to be able to draw a square
4 and 1/2 years
Age to be able to build a tower of two blocks
18 months
Age to be able to build a tower of 6 blocks
2 years
Age to be able to build a tower of 8 blocks
2 and 1/2 months
Age to be able to build a block bridge and gate respectively
3 and 4 years
Age to be able to build block steps
6 years
Age to say mama and dada
9 months
Age with smiling at parent voice and following parents with eyes
2 months
Age of walking independently
1 and 1/2 years
Age of being able to count multiple objects and tells names and address
5 years
Age to speak multi word sentences and sort shapes
3 years
Age to be able to follow simple instructions, speak in two word sentences and plays make believe
2 years
Age to roll from back to stomach and vise versa as well as being able to move objects from hand-hand
6 months
Speech developmental stages
2 years: 50%
3 years: 75%
4 years: 100%
% =. Intelligible language
At what age do parents lose their children to their peer group? (Need to have instilled goodmorals)
11 years
Age 6-11 year general info
Self esteem becomes a major issue (can begins as early as 5 though)
Judged more on ability
Experiences growth spurts
Peak gray matter content is at what age?
12-14
Sedentary habits are most dangerous for future health at which age group?
6-12
Cardinal hallmark of being a sociopath
Hurting animals or humans before 6 years (or really any time)
Puberty begins by increasing of what hormones?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Lutenizing hormone (LH) and FSH
Androgen does what to children?
Develops hair and BO
Thelarche
First appearance of breast (7-12 yrs)
Pubarche
Development of pubic hair in girls
Physiologic leukorrhea
clear Vaginal discharge before menarche
Menarche (period) begins usually when
- 5 years (3years after thelarche began)
- during 4 SMR range w/ peak height
Peak age for height in males vs females
14 and 11-12 respectively
Anticipatory guidance for 2 month olds
Play on floor everyday
Read books every day
When to worry about a 2 month old
No smiling
No hands in mouth
Can’t hold head up
Doesn’t respond to loud sounds
Anticipatory guidance for a 3 year old
Talk sing and play every day
Play counting games
Give child simple 2 step instructions
When to worry about a 3 year old
Drools or has unclear speech
Doesn’t make eye contact or speak in sentences
Doesn’t understand simple instructions
Anticipatory guidance for 9 month old
Provide lots of room to play
Describe objects to infants
What age does the thumb index reflex develop
9 months
When to worry about a 9 month old
Doesn’t use mama or dada
Doesn’t respond to own name
Doesn’t sit w/ help
Doesn’t recognize familiar faces or play games
Anticipatory guidance for a 2 year old
Encourage child to play w/ blocks and do simple chores
Teach child to identify body parts
When to worry about a 2 year old
Doesn’t copy actions
Doesn’t use 2 word phrases
Doesn’t walk steady or loses skills
anticipatory Guidance for a 4 month old
Have steady routines
Copy baby sounds and act excited when they make sounds
Play games
Give age appropriate toys
When to worry about a 4 month old
Doesn’t watch things move
Doesn’t make any sounds
Can’t move eyes in all directions
Anticipatory guidance for 12 month old
Give child lots of affection w/ good behavior
When to worry about a 12 month old
Doesn’t crawl
Can’t stand when supported
Can’t say single words
At what age Can a child start using objects correctly?
12 months
At what age can a child Begin to sit without support and string vowels together
6 month old
When to worry about a 6 month old
Doesn’t try to reach for things
Can’t roll over and doesnt make vowel sounds
At what age can a child be separated from mom and dad easily
3 years
At what age does a child start showing concern for emotions?
3 years old
When to worry about a 2 year old
Doesn’t use 2 word phrases
Doesn’t follow simple instructions
Doesn’t walk steadily
Can’t use common objects for intended use
At what age should one start setting strict rules and limits for a child
3 years old
When to worry about a 3 year old
Drools
Doesn’t play pretend
Doesn’t make eye contact
Falls down a lot
Ten commandment of vaccination
1: people should be vaccinated as infrequently as possible
2: a core vaccine is one that every person should get and non-core are not required
3: vaccines should be given to as much of the herd as possible
4: young people need special considerations
5: not everyone needs to get every vaccine
6: dont give vaccines to pregnant women unless specifically recommended
7: don’t vaccinate immunosuppressive patients
8: client and provides should chose together what vaccines are appropriate
9: read the vaccine data sheet
10: keep a report of vaccines and adverse events
Vaccines to give children @ 1 year
MMR
Chickenpox
Hep A
Vaccines to give children @ 7+ years
TDaP
HPV
Meningococcal
Vaccines that should never be given to pregnant mothers
Measles, mumps, rubella
Varicella
Influenza
ANY LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES
Safest live attenuated vaccine and the only live attenuated vaccine given to >1year children
Rotavirus vaccine
unless child is SCID, then DONT
Age of being able to run and jump effectively
2 years
Age of being able to walk independently
18 months
