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Peds/gyn overview Flashcards

1
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

can be in meds and sexually transmitted.
umbilicated, flesh color
tx.supportive or cosmetic, podofolin

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2
Q

Condyloma accuminata

A

HPV warts, HCP tx: cryo therapy, home tx for pt: imiquid(aldera)

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3
Q

scabies

A

Web fingers, dark/moist cracks, Tx.Permethrin or lindane(never in peds)-can be itchy for months

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4
Q

condyloma lata

A

Secondary syphillis, grey flat

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5
Q

Lice(pediculosis)

A

tx.Permethrin, pyrethrum if refractory. Clean out nits or shave head

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6
Q

Seboric dermatitis

A

Selsiun blue

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7
Q

erythema nodosum

A

hot nodules on shins/legs, d/t strep, inflammatory response, sulfa run

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8
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Targeted lesions post pcn, Nsaids, Minor:wont include mucous membrane, no ass with SJS. Major can lead to SJS

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9
Q

Steven johnson syndrome

A

d/t URI or drugs, blistering, crusting, mouth, eyes, painful, toxic, bulls with erythema mutiforme, fever, tx:

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10
Q

TEN

A

more than 10% of body, drug reaction, severe, toxic, dehydrated, treated like burn(IV abx/fluids/dressings)

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11
Q

contact dermatitis

A

Erythatous plaques, tx.topical steroids,

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12
Q

Varicella

A

Central papules

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13
Q

Impetigo

A

Staph. Aureus typically s/sx: honey crusted lesion, tx.Mupiroiocin

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14
Q

Kawasaki

A

Vasculitis: can attach vessels and cause permanent cardiac damage. s/sx: 6mo-4yr old, Fever more than 5 days, conjuctivitis, mucous membrane involvement, cervical LAD, rash, later peeling of hands and feet, dx: inc.WBC(N),inc ESR, inc Platelets tx: IVIG(reduce autoimmune reaction), aspirin(clotting/inflammation), with strict f/u with cardiologist for 3-6mo

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15
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

woods lamp, christmas tree distribution, single herald spot(looks like ring worm)

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16
Q

Strep throat

A

tx. 90mg/kg/day x

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17
Q

Fifth disease

A

aka.Erythema infectiosum, parvo virus, “slap cheek” appearance,

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18
Q

Measles

A

macular rash, blueberry muffin rash, 3 C’s, Koplick spots, starts on head,

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19
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation lid margins, burning, photophobia, d/t staph/meibomian gland tx: local steroid and abs applied at night

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20
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Triad-Tetrad-Anisworia, ptosis, iris heterochromia, anhidrosis d/t trauma/neuroplastoma

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21
Q

Hordeolum

A

stye, painful, d/t staph infection tx.warm compress

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22
Q

chalazion

A

meibomian cyst, inflammation/obstruction of gland, tx.abx to reduce cellulitis

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23
Q

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

abnl canalisation at 4mo age of duct, s/sx:watery discharge, erythema eyelids, infection can appear d/t staph strep tx. massage lacrimal sac, local abx drops, can surgically prove-MOST CLEAR 1ST YEAR

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24
Q

Dacryosytitis

A

infected nasolacrimal sac, s/sx:inflammed, edema, pain, d/t staph aureus, strep pneumo, hib, M.catarrhalis, tx:

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25
Q

Meds used in peds:

A

Staph: high dose Amoxacillin, Pseudomonas: Ciprofloxacin HC, Strep: Amox, Others: 1st gen cephalosporins(cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin)

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26
Q

Roseola

A

High fever, spring mo, maculopapular rosey rash, are well appearing

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27
Q

Parvo virus (fifths disease)

A

“slap cheek dz”, can get aplastic anemia, causes hydrops in pregnant women, tx: supportive

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28
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

b/l erythemetous, puritis, mucoid discharge d/t staph, can be strep. Tx: opthalmic drops: fluroqunolone, macrolide

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29
Q

AOM

A

buldging TM w/ purulence/erythemia,

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30
Q

glove and socks

A

reticulated rash only on palms and soles, raised, variant of parvovirus

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31
Q

Varicella

A

resp infection, soar throat, dew drops on a rose,

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32
Q

cornea abrasion

A

photophobia, pain, positive fluorescein exam tx: abx opthalmic drops(prevent ulcer)-PATCH eye

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33
Q

Leukocoria

A

cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, congenital rubella/CMV/HSV, retinoblastoma

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34
Q

esotropia

A

one eye drifting toward nasal bridge

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35
Q

exotropia

A

eye drifting toward ear

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36
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eye

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37
Q

amblyopia

A

decreased visual acuity without eye structure problem

38
Q

Nystagmus

A

oscillatory movement of the eye

39
Q

Otitis exeterna

A

pseudomonal, swimmers ear, Fluroquinolone drops- never with aminoglycoside drops(autotoxic)

40
Q

N.ghonorrhea in newborn

A

erythromycin PO

41
Q

Shingles

A

non-contagious, want to tx inpatient if 4-5 dermatomes-with IV meds,

42
Q

Impetigo

A

Staph, honeycomb, nonbullous:tx.bacitracin ointment/ bullous: oral staph abx

43
Q

Erysipelas

A

superficial infection in dermis, sharp margins(unlike cellulitis), thinner than cellulitis, bright red, d/t staph/strep tx. 1st gen cephalosporin(cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin)

44
Q

cellulitis

A

Hot, tender, ill, erythematous, invasion into lower dermis(staph/strep) can progress to septicemia, entry site, systemic antibiotics,

45
Q

Staph Scalded skin syndrome

46
Q

folliculitis

A

staph a, tx: clindamycin lotion(7-10days)/bactime, furuncle——>carbuncle

47
Q

Lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic channels, staph A or GAS(strep pyogenes)

48
Q

Viral exanthems with fiver and rash

A

varicella, measles, rubella, roseola, fifth disease,

49
Q

Mono

A

ant/post, cervical submandibular nodes,

50
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Vasculitis, includes mucous membranes, skin and lymph nodes,

51
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Diarrhea/vomiting, often viral: rota(winter)/adenovirus(spring) tx: supportive(rehydration/Na/K)

52
Q

Rotavirus IZ

53
Q

UTI

A

d/t e.coli, very common in infants/neonates/children, d/t anatomy, bladder relux, voiding dysfunction, dx:(gold is urine culture), urinalysis- leukocyte esterase/nitrites/——elevated wbc, crp, high fever, renal u/s, VCUG tx:bactrim, ciprofloxacin

54
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

d/t staph aureus, metaphysis, focal, pain, warmth, swelling, (can have bacteremia), dx:CBC/blood culture/esr and crp to track response, xrays, mri, tx:oxacillin, nafcillin, cefazolin, clindamycin,

55
Q

septic arthritis

A

w/in joint capsule, hemogenous spread, staph aureus, tx:oxacillin, nafcillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, dx:(gold=arthrocentesis with culture) elevated ESR,CRP,WBC

56
Q

Meningitis

A

commonly viral(enterovirus/hsv/coxsackievirus) or bacterial (strep pneumo, neisseria)—viral=insidious/bacterial=rapid/acute, Neisseria(nonblanching petechiae or purpuric rash) dx: LP(gold), blood culture, tx:ampicillin or vancomycin and 3rd ceph(cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixime, ceftibuten)

57
Q

MCV4 vaccine

A

11/12 yo, 16yo, meningococcal vaccine

58
Q

encephalitis

A

often viral-arboviruses, enterviruses, herpesviruses, (midsummer to fall), dx:test pcr on CSF, prodrome-often seizures

59
Q

west nile

A

mosquito vector, fever, rash, arthralgias, LAD, GI, conjunctivitis dx:CSF, blood, pcr tx:manitol and steroids

60
Q

RMSF

A

tick borne, rickettsia rechettsii, tx: doxycycline, tetracycline,

61
Q

Lyme disease

A

tick borne, borrelia burgdorferi, s/sx: fever, HA, fatigue, depression, targatoid rash, erythema migrans, dx: western blot and ELISA, tx: amoxacillin=kids, doxycycline=adults)

62
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

dx: endocervical vaginal swab NAAT, tx:Azithromycin(1gm)-abstain 7 days s/p tx

63
Q

Neiseria gonorrhoeae

A

tx: ceftriaxone(rocephin) 250mg IM with Azithromycin 1g pm

64
Q

PID

A

T>101F, tx: ceftriazone IM, doxycycline 100mgBIDx2weeks, +/- metronidazole

65
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum, 1)chancre, 2)condolomata lata3)gumma(eroded plaque)dx: need one non-trep test(RPR/VDRL) and one trep test(TP-PA,FTA-ABS) tx:benzathine PCN G(IM), complication: jarisch herxheimer rxn

66
Q

H-P-G axis dysfunction

A

d/t feedback absent, anatomic(mullerian agenesis/turner syndrome), genetic

67
Q

Turner syndrome

A

monosomy, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, tx: low dose estrogen to initiate 2nd sex characterists

68
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory syncitial virus, bronchiolitis(fever, runny nose, congestion, wheezingx1-2 weeks), tx:synagis(MAB)

69
Q

Candidias

A

dx:KOH with hyphae, tx:clotrimazole cream, fluconazole,

70
Q

BV

A

dx: clue cells - epithelial cell with bacteria adhered, whiff test, KOH tx: metronidazole,

71
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

foul smelling, yellow-green frothy discharge, strawberry cervix dx: wet prep(flagellated protozoan) tx: metronidazole

72
Q

vaginal atrophy

A

Types: CEE cream, estradiol cream, estradiol ring, estradiol tablet, (Estrace/estradiol cream or premarin/cee No uterus: non-progesterone, CEE/ SERM:Ospemifene

73
Q

scabies

A

tx: topical permethrin

74
Q

Endocarditis

A

often strep viridans(Pen G 4 weeks) or bacteriocidal abx in variants(enterococcus, staph A)

75
Q

osteomylitis

A

staph- clindamycin, oxacillin

76
Q

Viral pneumonia

A

often RSV, uri prodrome+wheeze and stridor maybe fever, myalgia, malaise, HA, CXR:Perihilar streaking,less toxic, supportive therapy

77
Q

whooping cough

78
Q

croup

A

Westly criteria, bark, epi neb, dexamethasone

79
Q

bacterial pneumonia

A

fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, decreased lung sounds, S.Pneumonia, tx: amox, augmentin, azithromycin CXR: lobar (mycoplasma common as get older=walking pneumonia-atypical) S.PNEUMONIA

80
Q

allergic reactions:

A

1: (IgE)allergic, anaphylacix, atopy 2:(IgA) antiBody, 3: immune Complex, 4: Delayed

81
Q

eczema

A

tacrolimus, fluticzone, emollients

82
Q

anaphylaxis

A

iv benedryle, steroids, epi, O2, neb

83
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivty

A

hemolytic anemia, Bcell response(mast cell degranulation), graves, rxn time: 1hr-1day,

84
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Peanuts,(straberry/bananas/llatex), claritin, ratadine

85
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivty

A

serum sickness, henoch schonlein purpura, sle, glomerulonephritis,

86
Q

Milky nipple discharge

A

associated with hyperprolactinoma or hypothyroidism, and meds(OCP,TCA) tx: dopamine agonist cabergoline

87
Q

Mastalgia

A

tx: Danazol

88
Q

fibroadenoma

A

benign, common in teens and early twenties, solid, round rubbery, mobile,

89
Q

Lobular carcinoma in situ(LCIS)

A

atypical, proliferation, in lobule, non-detectable by MIR, dx: excisional biopsy tx: SERM(tamaxifen or raloxifen)

90
Q

Ductal carcinom ain sity (DCIS)

A

Increased risk for developing invasive cancer or recurrence of the DCIS lesion, dx: core nedle biopsy

Pediatrics (8 decks)

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