Peds Exam 1 Flashcards
What’s the age range of infants?
Birth - 12 months
What are the normal height parameters in infants?
Grow 1 in. per month by 6 months. Height should be increased by 50% by 12 months.
What are the normal weight parameters in infants?
Weight should be doubled by 5 months and tripled by 12 months.
What are the normal head circumference parameters in infants?
Head circumference should increase by 10cm by 12 months.
What supplement is recommended within the first few days of life?
Vitamin D (400 IU)
What is the recommended period for breastfeeding?
First 6 months
Why is correct formula mixing a key when feeding formula?
To avoid dehydration and fluid/electrolyte imbalance
What type of formula should be used when bottle feeding?
Iron-fortified formula
When can solid foods be introduced to infants?
4-6 months, when extrusion reflex is extinguished
In what order should solid foods be introduced?
Cereal/oatmeal/rice -> veggies -> fruits
Why should you introduce one new food at a time for every 3-5 days?
To check & know what caused an allergy if there is a reaction
How’s infant’s eyesight at birth?
Nearsighted
When do infants have full-color vision?
By 7 months
How’s infant’s hearing?
As acute as an adult. They can recognize caregiver’s voice by 1 month
How’s infant’s taste/smell?
They can differentiate taste and smell of breastmilk by day 7. Prefers sweet taste
Erickson’s psychosocial development stage in infants
Trust vs. Mistrust
What are some primitive reflexes?
Sucking, rooting, stepping, fencing, startle, palmer/plantar grasp, babinski
How do you know if infant has healthy neurological system?
If they have both primitive and protective reflexes
Language development in infants
Coos at 3 months, Babbles at 6 months
How many words are in infant’s vocabulary by 12 months?
3-5 words
When can infants control their head and roll back to side?
4 months; gross motor
When can infants roll front to back?
6 months; gross motor
When can infants start to sit unsupported?
9 months; gross motor
When can infants start to sit from standing and walk with 1 hand or independently?
12 months; gross motor
When does crude pincer grasp develop?
9 months
When the infant can turn pages of the book, self feed with spoon, and use a cup, we know they are around
12 months
Piaget’s stage in infants
Sensorimotor
What is Piaget’s major task in infants?
Object permanence; separation anxiety
When does object permanence develop?
8 month
What are some age-appropriate activities in infants?
Solitary play; mirrors, soft stuffed toys, large blocks/balls, rattles, mobils
What’s the age range of toddlers?
1-3 years
What kind of playstyle do toddlers do?
Parallel play; they might be in a same area, but does not share toys. They have their own projects
What are some age-appropriate toys for toddlers?
Large blocks, balls, crayons, puzzles, push-pull toys, finger paint
Erikson’s psychosocial theory in toddlers
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
What’s the normal weight parameter in toddlers?
4 times the birth weight by 30 months
What’s the normal height parameter in toddlers?
Grows about 3 inches per year; reaches half of their adult height by 2 years
What’s the normal head circumference parameter in toddlers?
Equal to chest, gets more proportional by age 3
What development allows toddlers to start potty train?
Myelination of brain and spinal cord; by 2-3 years of age
What are some major characteristics of Erikson’s theory in toddlers?
Independence, negativism, egocentrism, ritualism, regression, temper tantrum
Why are toddlers egocentric?
They are unable to see things from perspectives of others
Why does regression happen?
Due to stressors; they might be potty trained and been doing well but if they are in the hospital, where it’s a big stress for them, they might start peeing and pooping everywhere
What Piaget stage do toddlers fall into?
Sensorimotor - Preoperational
