Peds ENT

Question 1

I-ARM mnemonic

Answer 1

Inspection: ocular symmetry
Acuity: fixation
Red reflex: Bruckner test
Motility: alignment

Question 2

what may put an infant at risk for retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 2

RDS

Question 3

retinal hemorrhages of newborns imply what problem?

Answer 3

subdural hemorrhage

requires CT scan of head

Question 4

which trisomy has brushfield spots and upslanting palpebral fissures?

Answer 4

Trisomy 21

Question 5

Clinitest

Answer 5

identifies carbohydrate metabolism defects

-not specific for galactosemia

Question 6

Erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme quantitation

Answer 6

identifies galactosemia

Question 7

GALT

Answer 7

autosomal recessive

chsome 9p13

Question 8

how does galactosemia cause cataracts?

Answer 8

accumulation of galactonate and galactitol in lens of eye

Question 9

galactosemia treatment for infants

Answer 9

switch to soy formula

-must avoid lactose for life

Question 10

retinoblastoma

Answer 10

most common primary ocular malignancy in childhood

• white reflex (leukocoria)
• 13q14 mutation

Question 11

ear tag

Answer 11

benign familial trait

common

Question 12

ear pit

Answer 12

benign

rarely associated with other congenital defects

Question 13

microtia

Answer 13

1/2 pharyngeal pouches
auditory testing mandatory
50% have assoc. defects

Question 14

low set ears

Answer 14

assoc with trisomy

Question 15

milia

Answer 15

normal finding

Question 16

dacrocystocele

Answer 16

abnormal finding

obstuction of both sup/inf end of nasolacrimal duct

Question 17

ankyloglossia

Answer 17

“tongue tied”
overdeveloped frenulum

-benign unless latching difficult, may require frenectomy

Question 18

micrognanthia

Answer 18

underdeveloped jaw

Question 19

orbital cellulitis

Answer 19

Hib/GAS

broad spec Abx

Question 20

gonnococcal conjunctivitis

Answer 20

eye irrigation

IV Abx

Question 21

what causes congenital lacrimal duct stenosis?

Answer 21

failure of solid epithelial cord to canalize

Question 22

COMPT (otitis media)

Answer 22

Color
Other (bubbles, scars)
Mobility
Position (normal, retracted, bulging)
Translucency (Opaque or translucent)

Question 23

AOM

Answer 23

otalgia
irritability
fever
effusion

Question 24

what bacteria is the top cause for AOM?

Answer 24

S. pneumo

Question 25

OM prevention

Answer 25

Prevnar 13 vax

eliminate household smoke

Question 26

anterior cleft palate

Answer 26

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with primary palate

Question 27

posterior cleft palate

Answer 27

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other and with nasal septum

Question 28

complete cleft palate (anterior and posterior)

Answer 28

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other, nasal septum, and primary palate