2-ENT Flashcards by Tom McGinn

acute viral rhinosinusitis management

zinc acetate
pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine nasal spray

-watch for rebound congestion

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influenza A management

oseltamavir

zinamivir

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acute bacterial sinusitis management

NSAIDs
pseudoephedrine
penicillin
macrolide
amoxicilin-clavulanate
fluroquinolones

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nasal vestibulitis management

dicloxacillin

topical bacitracin

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fungal sinusitis management

surgical debridement

amphotericin B

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allergic rhinitis management

intranasal corticosteroids
antihistamine
antileukotriene

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inverted papilloma management

excision and biopsy

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nasal polyps management

nasal corticosteroids (1-3 months)
oral corticosteroids (6 days)

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juvenile angiofibroma management

excision and biopsy

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erythroplakia management

excision and biopsy

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squamous cell carcinoma management

excision and biopsy

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oral lichen plannus management

biopsy

corticosteroids

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hairy leukoplakia management

zidovudine

acyclovir

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leukoplakia management

biopsy and referral

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oral candidiasis management

fluconazole
ketoconazole
chlorhexidine/peroxide mouth rinse
nystatin powder (dentures)

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necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis management

peroxide rinse
oral penicillin (10 days)

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aphthous ulcer management

topical steroids (triamcinolone acetonide)
cimetidine
prednisone

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herpetic stomatitis management

acyclovir (7-14 days)

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Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis management

penicillin V
erythromycin
ampicillin

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sialadenitis/sialolithiasis management

antibiotics
analgesics
lemon drops

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peritonsilar abscess/cellulitis management

amoxicillin-sulbactam
clindamycin
erythromycin
aspirate the area

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Croup managment

humidified oxygen
steroids/racemic epinephrine
steeple sign

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Epiglottitis

dexamethasone
ceftizoxime
thumb print sign

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Stomatitis management

lidocaine/mylanta mouth wash

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Thrush management

clotrimazole nystatin if immunocompromised: diflucan amphotericin B

what is seen on wright/giemsa stain of herpes simplex virus?

intranuclear inclusion | multinucleated giant cells

what is the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world?

herpetic keratitis (autoinnoculation from HSV)

Streptococcal pharyngitis management

penicillin

what does strep pharyngitis cause if untreated?

scarlet fever

what organism does rapid strep test for?

GABHS

what virus causes mono?

EBV

mono management

no sports | amoxicillin

ludwig's angina management

airway protection VITAL Abx surgery

Angular cheilitis management

antifungal | antibiotic

Torus palatinus management

surgery/excision if necessary

what causes strawberry tongue?

untreated S. pneumo infx Kawasaki dz toxic shock syndrome

what diseases are associated with forchheimer spots?

rubella measles scarlet fever

Geographic tongue management

if symptomatic, topical steroids/zinc

Gingivitis/Periodontitis management

good oral hygiene NSAIDs Abx

what organism causes dental caries?

Strep mutans

Weber test: conductive loss

hearing > bad ear

Weber test: sensorineural loss

hearing > unaffected ear

Rhinne test: conductive loss

bone conduction > air

Rhinne test: sensorineural loss

air conduction > bone

what is the most common neoplasia of the pinna?

SCC

what can cause exostoses

swimming, diving, surfing

what causes hematoma of the outer ear/tympanic membrane?

intentional foreign body (q-tip)

what is an osteoma?

common benign neoplasm of ear and nose

what derm conditions cause pruritis?

seborrheic dermatitis | psoriasis

pruritis managment

avoid soap | lotion

examples of barotrauma?

rapid air descent rapid altitude change underwater diving

what can barotrauma result in?

hemotympanum acute vertigo sensory hearing loss collection of fluid in middle ear space

serous otitis media management

usually resolves on its own amoxicillin corticosteroids

what causes serous otitis media in adults?

barotrauma chronic allergic rhinitis URI

what can cause persistent unilateral serous otitis media?

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

what bacteria most commonly causes external otitis media?

pseudomonas

EOM management

Aminoglycoside Fluoroquinolone Neomycin sulfate Polymyxin B

malignant EOM management

Fluoroquinolone ( IV ) | Surgical dedridement of infected bone

Cholestatoma management

Surgical marsupialization - may involve facial nerve - sqaumous epithelium sac - erodes bone

what bacteria most often causes mastoiditis?

S. pneumo

mastoiditis management

4th gen cephalosporins

Petrous apicitis

Retro orbital pain & Nerve palsy Sixth nerve palsy (abducens ) Foul smelling discharge

Petrous apicitis management

prolonged Abx

Bacterially caused facial paralysis management

Fourth generation cephalosporin | Myringotomy

sinus thrombosis management

surgical intervention

what drug, when stopped, can cause tinnitus?

benzo

conductive hearing loss

dysfunction of external or middle ear

sensory hearing loss

dysfunction of cochlea

neural hearing loss

dysfunction of CN VIII, auditory nuclei

what causes sensory hearing loss?

excessive noise exposure head trauma presbyacusis systemic disease