2-ENT Flashcards

1
Q

acute viral rhinosinusitis management

A

zinc acetate
pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine nasal spray

-watch for rebound congestion

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2
Q

influenza A management

A

oseltamavir

zinamivir

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3
Q

acute bacterial sinusitis management

A
NSAIDs
pseudoephedrine
penicillin
macrolide
amoxicilin-clavulanate
fluroquinolones
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4
Q

nasal vestibulitis management

A

dicloxacillin

topical bacitracin

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5
Q

fungal sinusitis management

A

surgical debridement

amphotericin B

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6
Q

allergic rhinitis management

A

intranasal corticosteroids
antihistamine
antileukotriene

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7
Q

inverted papilloma management

A

excision and biopsy

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8
Q

nasal polyps management

A
nasal corticosteroids (1-3 months)
oral corticosteroids (6 days)
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9
Q

juvenile angiofibroma management

A

excision and biopsy

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10
Q

erythroplakia management

A

excision and biopsy

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11
Q

squamous cell carcinoma management

A

excision and biopsy

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12
Q

oral lichen plannus management

A

biopsy

corticosteroids

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13
Q

hairy leukoplakia management

A

zidovudine

acyclovir

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14
Q

leukoplakia management

A

biopsy and referral

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15
Q

oral candidiasis management

A

fluconazole
ketoconazole
chlorhexidine/peroxide mouth rinse
nystatin powder (dentures)

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16
Q

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis management

A
peroxide rinse
oral penicillin (10 days)
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17
Q

aphthous ulcer management

A

topical steroids (triamcinolone acetonide)
cimetidine
prednisone

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18
Q

herpetic stomatitis management

A

acyclovir (7-14 days)

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19
Q

Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis management

A

penicillin V
erythromycin
ampicillin

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20
Q

sialadenitis/sialolithiasis management

A

antibiotics
analgesics
lemon drops

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21
Q

peritonsilar abscess/cellulitis management

A

amoxicillin-sulbactam
clindamycin
erythromycin
aspirate the area

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22
Q

Croup managment

A

humidified oxygen
steroids/racemic epinephrine
steeple sign

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23
Q

Epiglottitis

A

dexamethasone
ceftizoxime
thumb print sign

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24
Q

Stomatitis management

A

lidocaine/mylanta mouth wash

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25
Q

Thrush management

A

clotrimazole
nystatin

if immunocompromised:
diflucan
amphotericin B

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26
Q

what is seen on wright/giemsa stain of herpes simplex virus?

A

intranuclear inclusion

multinucleated giant cells

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27
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world?

A

herpetic keratitis (autoinnoculation from HSV)

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28
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis management

A

penicillin

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29
Q

what does strep pharyngitis cause if untreated?

A

scarlet fever

30
Q

what organism does rapid strep test for?

A

GABHS

31
Q

what virus causes mono?

A

EBV

32
Q

mono management

A

no sports

amoxicillin

33
Q

ludwig’s angina management

A

airway protection VITAL
Abx
surgery

34
Q

Angular cheilitis management

A

antifungal

antibiotic

35
Q

Torus palatinus management

A

surgery/excision if necessary

36
Q

what causes strawberry tongue?

A

untreated S. pneumo infx
Kawasaki dz
toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

what diseases are associated with forchheimer spots?

A

rubella
measles
scarlet fever

38
Q

Geographic tongue management

A

if symptomatic, topical steroids/zinc

39
Q

Gingivitis/Periodontitis management

A

good oral hygiene
NSAIDs
Abx

40
Q

what organism causes dental caries?

A

Strep mutans

41
Q

Weber test: conductive loss

A

hearing > bad ear

42
Q

Weber test: sensorineural loss

A

hearing > unaffected ear

43
Q

Rhinne test: conductive loss

A

bone conduction > air

44
Q

Rhinne test: sensorineural loss

A

air conduction > bone

45
Q

what is the most common neoplasia of the pinna?

A

SCC

46
Q

what can cause exostoses

A

swimming, diving, surfing

47
Q

what causes hematoma of the outer ear/tympanic membrane?

A

intentional foreign body (q-tip)

48
Q

what is an osteoma?

A

common benign neoplasm of ear and nose

49
Q

what derm conditions cause pruritis?

A

seborrheic dermatitis

psoriasis

50
Q

pruritis managment

A

avoid soap

lotion

51
Q

examples of barotrauma?

A

rapid air descent
rapid altitude change
underwater diving

52
Q

what can barotrauma result in?

A

hemotympanum
acute vertigo
sensory hearing loss
collection of fluid in middle ear space

53
Q

serous otitis media management

A

usually resolves on its own
amoxicillin
corticosteroids

54
Q

what causes serous otitis media in adults?

A

barotrauma
chronic allergic rhinitis
URI

55
Q

what can cause persistent unilateral serous otitis media?

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

56
Q

what bacteria most commonly causes external otitis media?

A

pseudomonas

57
Q

EOM management

A

Aminoglycoside
Fluoroquinolone
Neomycin sulfate
Polymyxin B

58
Q

malignant EOM management

A

Fluoroquinolone ( IV )

Surgical dedridement of infected bone

59
Q

Cholestatoma management

A

Surgical marsupialization

  • may involve facial nerve
  • sqaumous epithelium sac
  • erodes bone
60
Q

what bacteria most often causes mastoiditis?

A

S. pneumo

61
Q

mastoiditis management

A

4th gen cephalosporins

62
Q

Petrous apicitis

A

Retro orbital pain & Nerve palsy
Sixth nerve palsy (abducens )
Foul smelling discharge

63
Q

Petrous apicitis management

A

prolonged Abx

64
Q

Bacterially caused facial paralysis management

A

Fourth generation cephalosporin

Myringotomy

65
Q

sinus thrombosis management

A

surgical intervention

66
Q

what drug, when stopped, can cause tinnitus?

A

benzo

67
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

dysfunction of external or middle ear

68
Q

sensory hearing loss

A

dysfunction of cochlea

69
Q

neural hearing loss

A

dysfunction of CN VIII, auditory nuclei

70
Q

what causes sensory hearing loss?

A

excessive noise exposure
head trauma
presbyacusis
systemic disease