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NUR 312 > PEDS Chapter 27: Growth and Development of the Preschooler (Power Point) > Flashcards

PEDS Chapter 27: Growth and Development of the Preschooler (Power Point) Flashcards

1
Q

Which ages encompass the preschool period ?

A

?

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2
Q

Average growth of __ to __ inches per year.

A

2.5 to 3

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3
Q

Average weight gain around __ pounds per year.

A

5

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4
Q

Loss of ___ ___ and growth of ___.

A

baby fat; muscle

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5
Q

_____ of skull increases slightly; lower jaw more ____ ; upper jaw ____.

A

length; pronounced; widens

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6
Q

Expected Gross Motor Skills for 4 yrs old:

A 
Throws ball overhand.
Kicks ball forward.
Catches bounced ball.
Hops on one foot.
Stands on one foot up to 5 seconds.
Alternates feet going up and down steps.
Moves backward and forward with agility.
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7
Q

Expected Fine Motor Skills for 4 yrs old:

A 
Uses scissors successfully.
Copies capital letters.
Draws circles and squares.
Traces a cross or diamond.
Draws a person with two to four body parts.
Laces shoes.
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8
Q

Expected Gross Motor Skills for 5 yrs old:

A 
Stands on one foot 10 seconds or longer.
Swings and climbs well.
May skip.
Somersaults.
May learn to skate and swim.
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9
Q

Expected Gross Fine Skills for 5 yrs old:

A

Prints some letters.
Draws person with body and at least six parts.
Dresses/ undresses without assistance.
Can learn to tie the laces.
Uses fork, spoon, and knife (supervised) well.
Copies triangle and other geometric patterns.
Mostly cares for own toileting needs.

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10
Q

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old for gross motor skill development. Which of the following would the nurse expect this preschooler to have accomplished?

a. hopping on one foot
b. standing on one foot for 10 seconds 
c. skipping
d. swimming
A

a. hopping on one foot. The 4-year-old should be able to hop on one foot.
Rationale: At age 4, the preschooler hops on one foot and stands on one foot up to 5 seconds. At 5 years old the preschooler stands on one foot for 10 seconds, may skip, and may learn to skate and swim.

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11
Q

_____ of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete; small intestine grows in length.

A

Myelination

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12
Q

Respiratory structures continue to grow in size; number of ___ increase.

A

alveoli

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13
Q

Eustachian tubes remain ___ and ____.

A

short; straight.

So pull ear down and back to administer drops.

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14
Q

Heart rate _____; blood pressure ____ slightly; innocent heart ____ may be heard.

A

deceases; increases;

murmur

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15
Q

___ deciduous teeth should be present.

A

20

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16
Q

____ remains short in children, making them susceptible to urinary tract infections.

A

Urethra.

So don’t use bubble bath.

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17
Q

Bones increase in ___ and muscles ___ and mature.

A

length; strengthen

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18
Q

In Erikson’s stage of development: Initiative vs. Guilt–
Preschooler is an ___ and ___ learner.
Feels sense of ____ by succeeding in activities.
Feeling pride in accomplishment stimulates _____.
Overextending self can result in sense of ____.

A

inquisitive and enthusiastic;
accomplishment;
initiative;
guilt.

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19
Q

_____ (conscious development) is completed and is basis for moral development.

A

Superego

20
Q

Social Skills Developed by the Preschooler:

A 
Cooperation
Sharing (of things and feelings)
Kindness
Generosity
Affection display
Conversation
Expression of feelings
Helping others
Making friends
21
Q

Emotional and Social Development of the Preschooler:

Friendships

A

Preschoolers learn how to make and keep a friend.

22
Q

Emotional and Social Development of the Preschooler:

Temperament

A

Indicator of parent’s expectation of child’s behavior.

Determines child’s task orientation, social flexibility, and reactivity.

23
Q

Emotional and Social Development of the Preschooler:

Fears

A

Preschoolers exhibit variety of fears.

Parents should acknowledge child’s fears.

24
Q

Cognitive Development of the Preschooler:

Magical thinking

A

Believes thoughts are all-powerful

25
Q

Cognitive Development of the Preschooler:

Imaginary friend

A

Creative way to sample activities and behaviors and practice conversation skills

26
Q

Cognitive Development of the Preschooler:

Transduction

A

Extrapolates from one situation to another

27
Q

Cognitive Development of the Preschooler:

Animism

A

Attributes life-like qualities to inanimate objects

28
Q

Communication Skills in the Preschool Child: 4 yrs

A

?

29
Q

Communication Skills in the Preschool Child: 5 yrs

A

?

30
Q

Sample Nursing Diagnoses for Issues Related to Growth and Development:

A 
Delayed growth and development
Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements
Interrupted family processes
Readiness for enhanced parenting
Risk for caregiver role strain
Risk for delayed development
Risk for disproportionate growth
Risk for injury
31
Q

Issues Involved in Promoting Growth and Development of the Preschooler:

A

Building self-esteem.
Maintaining routine and ritual.
Setting limits and remaining consistent with them.
Knowing signs of developmental delay.

32
Q

Signs of developmental delay: 4yrs

A

?

33
Q

Signs of developmental delay: 5yrs

A

?

34
Q

The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child for signs of developmental delay. Which of the following would alert the nurse to a potential problem?

a. the child can build a tower of six blocks
b. the child does not play with other children
c. the child engages in fantasy play
d. the child separates from parent easily
A

b. the child does not play with other children. This is a sign of a potential developmental delay.
Rationale: Signs of developmental delay in preschool-age children include not playing with other children, not being able to build a block tower of six to eight blocks, not engaging in fantasy play, and not separating from the parent without major protest.

35
Q

Focus of Nursing Care Plan to Promote Growth and Development of Preschooler:

A 
Promoting growth through play
Promoting early learning
Promoting language development
Choosing a preschool/starting kindergarten
Promoting safety
Promoting nutrition 
Promoting healthy sleep and rest
Promoting appropriate discipline
36
Q

Immunization:

A

page from book

37
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

The nurse should recommend that parents of a 3- to 5-year-old receive 500 to 800 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily.

A

True. The preschool child needs 500 to 800 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily.
Rationale: Preschool children need 500 to 800 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily. Parents should be aware that drinking excess amounts of milk may lead to iron deficiency as the calcium in milk blocks iron absorption.

38
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:

___ to ___ mg calcium

A

500 to 800 mg

39
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:

___ mg iron

A

10

40
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:

___ mg fiber

A

19

41
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:

Fat intake no less than ___ and no more than ___ daily calories

A

20% ; 30%

42
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:

Saturated fats less than ___

A

10%

43
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements of the Preschooler:
Diet high in ___ foods
Limited amounts of poor, high-calorie foods.

A

nutrient-rich

44
Q

Risks of Overweight and Obesity:

A

Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Insulin resistance

45
Q

Developmental Issues for Preschoolers:
L—–
S—– E—–
M—–

A

Lying
Sex Education
Masturbation

46
Q

Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
The nurse is counseling parents of a 5-year-old who are concerned that their child is masturbating. The recommended intervention for this situation is to advise parents to discourage their child from this practice using firm discipline.

A

False. The recommended intervention for a 5-year-old child who is masturbating is to treat it in a matter-of-fact way, making sure the child knows nudity and masturbation are not acceptable in public.
Rationale: If parents overreact to this behavior, it may occur more frequently. The child should also be taught that no other person can touch his or her private parts.

47
Q

Focus of Health Care Visits Throughout Childhood:
Expected ___ and ____
Anticipatory ____
Preparation for ___ ___

A

Expected growth and development
Anticipatory guidance
Preparation for school entry

NUR 312 (12 decks)

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