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NUR 312 > PEDS Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler (Power Point) > Flashcards

PEDS Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler (Power Point) Flashcards

1
Q

What age encompasses toddlerhood?

A

1- 3 yrs old

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2
Q

Height and weight increase steadily in spurts at a ______ rate than the infant.

A

slower

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3
Q

Reach half of adult height by age___.

A

2

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4
Q

Average weight gain is ___ to____ lbs per year.

A

3 to 5

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5
Q

Anterior fontanels close by ____ months.

A

18

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6
Q

Head size more proportional to body by age ___.

A

3

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7
Q

At ___ months, toddler should weigh 4x birth weight.

A

30

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8
Q

Neurologic system:

Brain reaches about 80% of size by age ____.

A

3

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9
Q

Respiratory system:

Alveoli increase in number until age ____; trachea and airways small compared to adult.

A

7

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10
Q

Cardiovascular system:

Heart rate ______; blood pressure _____.

A

decreases; increases

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11
Q

PIAGET

A
  • sensorimotor
  • object permanence is fully developed.
    Have memories that relate to theme
    Domestic mimicry (play house)
    Preoperational thought- does not understand viewpoints of others can symbolize objects and imitate previously seen activities.
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12
Q

Erickson

A

autonomy versus shame and doubt

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13
Q

Freud

A

anal stage, sense of pleasure

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14
Q

The nurse praises a 3-year-old child for using the potty. Which of the following theorists focuses on the satisfaction/frustration of expelling feces?

a. Piaget
b. Freud
c. Erickson
d. Kohlberg
A

b. Freud

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15
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Include running, climbing, jumping, pushing or pulling a toy, throwing a ball, and pedaling a tricycle

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16
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Progress from holding and pinching to the ability to manage utensils, hold a crayon, string a bead, and use a computer

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17
Q 
When should the toddler be able to walk up and downstairs?
A. 15 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years
D. 3 years
A

C. 2 years

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18
Q

Receptive language development: the ability to understand what is being said or asked

A

Typically far more advanced than expressive language development (ability to communicate desires and feelings)

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19
Q

Echolalia

A

repetition of words and phrases without understanding

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20
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

speech that contains only the essential words to get the point across

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21
Q

Separation

A

Seeing oneself as separate from the parent

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22
Q

Individuation

A

Forming a sense of self and learning to control one’s environment leads to emotional lability.

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23
Q

Egocentrism

A

Focus on self

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24
Q

May rely on a ____ item.

A

security

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25
Q

Becomes aware of _____ differences.

A

gender

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26
Q

May display ______ behaviors.

A

aggressive

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27
Q

May show fear of loss of _____ and of______.

A

parents; strangers

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28
Q

Becomes more self-aware; does not have clear body boundaries.

A

Separation anxiety may reoccur.

May resist invasive procedures.

29
Q

Gastrointestinal system:

Stomach increases in size; small intestine grows in length; stool passage _______.

A

decreases

30
Q

Genitourinary system:

Bladder and kidney reach adult function by__ to __ months.

A

16 to 24

31
Q

Genitourinary system:

Bladder capacity _____; urethra remains ______.

A

increases; short

32
Q

Musculoskeletal system:

Bones increase in length; muscle matures; swayback and pot belly appear due to weak muscles until ___ years old.

A

3

33
Q

____ is the major socializing medium for toddlers.

A

Play

34
Q

Developmental screening test for toddlers:

A

Denver II

35
Q

Toddlers need _____ minutes of structured physical activity and____ to ____hours of unstructured physical activity per day.

A

30 minutes; 1 to 3 hours

36
Q

Parents should limit ___ and encourage ____ _____ play instead.

A

TV; creative physical

37
Q

Toddlers engage in _____ play (playing alongside another child) instead of ____ play.

A

parallel; cooperative

38
Q

Toddlers are egocentric and do not like to ______.

A

share

39
Q

The short attention span of toddlers will make them ____ _____ frequently.

A

change toys

40
Q

Toddlers do not need _____ toys.

A

expensive

41
Q

______ play evolves into ______ play.

A

solitary; parallel

42
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

The best type of toys for toddlers are store-bought interactive electronic toys.

A

False

43
Q

Provide a ____ environment.

A

childproof

44
Q

Use a safe car seat in ____ of car.

A

back

45
Q

Provide a safe ____ environment.

A

home

46
Q

Avoid exposure to ____ smoke.

A

tobacco

47
Q

Prevent i—–.

A

injury

48
Q

Prevent p——.

A

poisoning

49
Q

___-month-old: 13.5 hours of sleep per day

A

18

50
Q

___-month-old: 13 hours of sleep per day

A

24

51
Q

___-year-old: 12 hours of sleep per day

A

3

52
Q

A typical toddler should sleep through the night and take ___ daytime nap.

A

1

53
Q

Most children discontinue daytime napping at around ____ years of age.

A

3

54
Q

Dietary fiber:

A

applesauce, carrots, corn, green beans, mangos, pears

55
Q

Folate:

A

avocados, broccoli, green peas, oranges, spinach and dark greens, strawberries

56
Q

Vitamin A:

A

apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, mangos, spinach and dark greens, sweet potatoes

57
Q

Vitamin C:

A

broccoli, cantaloupe, green peas, oranges, potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes

58
Q

The nurse is planning a diet for a toddler that is rich in vitamin A. Which of the following foods might the nurse include?

a. avocados
b. corn
c. strawberries
d. spinach
A

D. Spinach. Spinach is rich in vitamin A
Rationale: Avocados are rich in folate, corn is rich in fiber, and strawberries are rich in vitamin C. Other foods rich in vitamin A include apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, mangos, dark greens, and sweet potatoes.

59
Q

Use a ____ spoon and fork with ____ tines.

A

child-sized; dull

60
Q

Seat the toddler in a _____ or at a comfortable height in a secure chair

A

high chair

61
Q

Never leave the toddler unattended while ____.

A

eating

62
Q

Minimize _____ during mealtime.

A

distractions

63
Q

Common Developmental Concerns of the Toddler:

A 
Toilet teaching
Negativism
Temper tantrums
Thumb sucking and pacifiers
Sibling rivalry
Aggression
64
Q

Signs a Toddler Is Ready for Toilet Teaching:

A

Regular bowel movement
Expresses knowledge of need to defecate or urinate
The diaper is not always wet.
The toddler is willing to follow instructions.
The toddler walks well alone and can pull down pants.
The toddler follows caregiver to bathroom.
The toddler climbs onto potty chair or toilet.

65
Q

Teaching Strategies to Minimize Issues With Sibling Rivalry:

A

Attempt to keep the toddler’s routine as close to normal as possible.
Spend individual time with the toddler on a daily basis.
Involve the toddler in the care of the baby.

66
Q

Focus of Discipline for the Toddler:

A

Limit setting
Negotiation
Techniques to assist the toddler to learn problem solving.

67
Q

Guidelines for Choosing a Preschool for a Toddler:

A

Parents agree with goals and an overall philosophy.
Teachers and assistants are trained in early childhood development as well as CPR.
Classes are small with an appropriate adult-to-child ratio.
Disciplinary procedures are consistent with the parents’ values.
Parents are able to visit at any time.
School is childproofed inside and out.
Appropriate hygiene procedures are in place.

68
Q

Immunizations before preschool:

A 
p. 1067
Hep B
D-tap
Hip B
Meningeal coccal
MMR
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NUR 312 (12 decks)

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