Pediatrics Test 2: Cerebral Dysfunction Flashcards

Question

What are signs of post-concussion syndrome?

Answer 1

``` Chronic headache Fatigue Sleeping difficulties Personalities change Sensitivity to light or noise Dizziness when stand quick Deficits in short term memory, problem solving and general academic function ```

Answer 2

Acute inflammation of the meninges and CNS leading cause in children older then 2 months is streptococcus pneumoniae Leading cause of neonates is group B strep and e. Coli Epidemic is meningococcal meningitis Sudden onset causing serious infection within 24 hours

Answer 3

Immunizations ad prevention

Answer 4

Lumbar puncture definitive diagnostic test: ``` Fluid pressure elevated Elevated WBC reduced blood glucose Increased protein concentration Positive gram stain Positive culture ```

Answer 5

``` Refuse to feed Poor sucking Vomiting and diarrhea Poor tone Weak cry Full, tense bulging fontanel ```

Answer 6

``` Fever Poor feeding Vomiting Marked irritability Seizures Bulging fontanel NUCHAL RIGIDITY BIG SIGN ```

Answer 7

* petechial/purpurin rash - meningococcal infection. Blueberry rash is common * joint involvement - meningococcal and H. Influenza infectio * seizure is first sign ``` Fever and chill Headache Vomiting Irritability and agitation Nuchal rigidity Photophobia, delirium, hallucination, stupor, coma, and aggressive behavior ```

Answer 8

``` Antibiotics Respiratory isolation: 24 hrs post antibiotic Vital signs and neuro check IV fluid NPO I&O Comfort measures: quiet, dark room, rest, pain meds * report to health department ```

Answer 9

Inflammatory process of CNS produces altered function or various portions or brain and spinal cord Caused by bacteria, spirochetes, fungi, Protozoa, helminths MOST COMMON CAUSE IS VIRUS

Answer 10

``` Malaise Fever Headache Dizzy Apathy Lethargy Neck stiffness N/V Ataxia Tremors Hyperactivity Speech difficulties Altered mental status Stupor Seizures Disorientation Spasticity Coma Ocular pansies Paralysis ```

Answer 11

Syndrome associated with severe encephalopathy, hepatic dysfunction, IIP, fever Most follow common viral illness such as varicella or influenza

Answer 12

Try move throug the stage of increased neuro stages

Answer 13

Assess respiratory, circulation, neuro status Oxygen and airway support IV I&O Nutritional support Each family t avoid using salicylate/ASA with suspected varicella or Influenza Teach not to use aspirin

Answer 14

Altered neuronal activity and repetitive electric discharge of brain cells Localized or generalized Epilepsy is chronic disorder Some caused by underlying disease

Answer 15

One hemisphere affected

Answer 16

``` No loss of conscious Alterations in motor function Sweating Vomiting Flushing Pupillary change Sensory change ```

Answer 17

``` Consciousness is impaired Staring Lip smacking Chewing Unusual hand movement: pill rolling Amnesia ```

Answer 18

Entire brain involved

Answer 19

``` Lack of awareness. Unresponsive Lat less then 15 seconds Eye fluttering Lip smacking Blank stare ```

Answer 20

No or brief LOC Synchronous jerking of neck, shoulders, arms and legs Less then 5 seconds

Answer 21

``` Aura precedes: for telling of what's to come, tunnel vision Relaxation Lethargy Confusion Unresponsive ``` Tonic: loc, muscle rigidity, crying out, clench jaw, cyanosis, loss bladder and bowel, fixed dilated pupil Clonic: alert ate period of concentration and relaxation, hyperventilation, drooling, eyes rolled back

Answer 22

Unrelieved Prolonged seizure longer then 15-20 seconds Normal baseline in between

Answer 23

Occur I. Association with fever, no underlying chronic illness x Most common between 6 month - 3 yrs, rare after 5

Answer 24

``` Description of event What time did it occur How long did it last What happened right before When it was over what happened How long was the post ictal period Any aura describe each seizure ```

Answer 25

``` Protect from injury Turn to side Provide supplemental oxygen Do not restrain Loosen constricting clothing Do not place in child mouth Obtain assistance if needed ``` Primary for tonic cloning

Answer 26

``` Changes in dark light patterns- flash camera, automobile light, strobe lights Sudden loud noise Startling movement Temperature extremities Dehydration Fatigue Menses Constipation Hypoglycemia ```

Answer 27

Can heat intolerance and patients don't sweat

Answer 28

Passive dilation of lateral and third ventricles Symptoms of either - impaired absorption of CFS within subarachnoid space - obstruction to the flow of CFS within the ventricles

Answer 29

``` Abnormal head circumference and growth Bulging Fontanels and separated sutures Dilated scalp veins Macewan sign: tap on it and sound like cracked pot Thinning skull bones Depressed signs Setting sun sign Irritability Lethargy Vomiting ```

Answer 30

Surgical correction of underlying cause Surgical placement of shunt to drain CSF from ventricle to extra cranial compartment -prevent complications. -surgical revisions periodically necessary

Answer 31

``` Monitor for signs of ICP post operative care Skin carre: prevention and breakdown Nutritional support Family support and education ```