Pediatrics Test 1: Children, family and the nurse Flashcards
What are different major legislations that deal with pediatrics?
Medicaid: lower financial barriers to the poor
Woman, infant and child (WIC): provide food and nutrition
Education for all handicapped children act: free and appropriate education
- amended in 1986 and had federal funds for early interventions at high handicapped risk
Family medical leave act: eligible employees time off to deal with family. 12 months in 1 year off
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What roles does the nurse have in the children, family and nurse relationship?
Therapeutic relationship Family advocacy and caring (teach them how to advocate for themselves) Disease prevention and health promotion Health teaching Support and counseling Coordination and collaboration Ethical decision making
What are drug laws that pertain to pediatrics
Orphan drug act of 1983: helped decrease taxes and company competition
Best pharmaceuticals for children act of 2002: and labels for specific children
Healthcare during childhood?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not murky the absence of disease.
Health people 2020
Goals: increase quality and length of healthy life. Eliminate health disparities
Leading physical indication: physical activity, overweight and obesity tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization and access to health
Infant mortality
- Congenital anomalies (or premature)
- Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight
- SIDS
- Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy
- Accidents
Childhood mortality ranks
Rank. 1-4. 5-9. 10-14. 15-19
1. Accidents Accidents. Accidents. Accidents
2 C.A. Cancer. Cancer. Homicide
3. Homicide. C.A. Homicide. Suicide
4. Cancer. Homicide. Suicide. Cancer
5. Heart disease. Heart disease. C.A. Heart disease
*C.A. Congenital anomalies
Major causes of childhood morbidity
Respiratory illness - the common cold
Infection And parasitic disease
Injuries
Sick due to underdeveloped immune system
Family centered care
Family is the constant
Family-professional collaboration
Sharing of complete and unbiased information
Cultural diversity- ethnic, racial, spiritual, social, economic, educational and geographic
Respecting different methods of coping
Coordination of services across environments
What are 3 family theories
- Family system theory: change in any one part of family system effect all. Rapid growth and stability
- Family stress theory: stress will always occur, might see regression
- Developmental theory: develop and change in consistent amount of time
Duvall’s developmental stages of family
I: marriage and an independent home II: families with infants III: families with preschoolers IV: families with school children V: families with teenagers VI: families as launching centers VII: middle aged families VIII: aging families
- roles may be co-occurring
Important factors for discipline
1: consistency - important all do discipline same way
2: timing - done at the time action is done
3: commitment
4: unity
5: flexibility - understand the motivation behind actions and be flexible
6: behavioral orientation - don’t use negative words to get point across but behavioral approaches
7: privacy
8: termination - based on age. Time limit in time out and if act up rut away just do it again.
Developmental principles
Growth and development is orderly and sequential
Pace of growth and development is specific per child
Development occurs in cephalocaudal direction
Developmental occurs in a proximal distal direction
Development becomes increasingly integrated
Developmental abilities increasingly differentiated
Growth and development are affected by child’s internal and external environment
Certain periods are critical during growth and development
Continual process influenced by many factors
Eriksons psychodynamic behavioral factors
Infant (0-12): trust vs. mistrust. Trust parent cares for them and their needs are met
Toddler (12-36): autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Walk, potty train, verbal, push away, tantrums. Shame when don’t succeed
Preschool (3-6): initiative vs. guilt. Energetic, vigorous play, active in play, develop a conscious
School age (6-11): industry vs. inferiority. Learn and master cognitive sciences, competitive, know rules, play games
Adolescent (12-17): identity vs. role confusion. Who am I, sexual orientation, how kit in the world, risky, push away
Pushed cognitive development
Sensorimotor period (0-2): reflex ability, repetitive behaviors, how manipulate body to do what I want Preoperational (2-7): concrete thinker, black and white egocentrism, inability of one to put in place of another Concrete operations (7-11): increasingly logical and coherent Formal operations (11-15): adaptive, flexible, inductive reasoning, abstract thinking
