Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHM704 Pediatrics/Geriatrics > Pediatrics - Growth & Nutrition > Flashcards

Pediatrics - Growth & Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What growth chart should be used for children <2? 2 or older?

A

WHO; CDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much intake should term infants have each day?

A

20-30 g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much intake should 2-10 year olds have each year?

A

2-3 kg/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain why there is a decrease in weight the week after birth?

A

contraction of ECF and diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of failure to thrive (FTT)?

A

organic (medical) and nonorganic (social)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are OTC treatments for FTT?

A

breastfeeding, concentrated formula, avoid juice or cow milk, add rice cereal to foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are medical treatments for FTT?

A

megestrol(?), cyproheptadine(?) (in cancer-related cachexia), NOT growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the benefits to breastfeeding?

A

decreased URTIs, UTIs, necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis, diarrhea, sepsis, SIDS, DM cancer, asthma, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the recommendation for vitamin D in newborns?

A

400 IU/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the recommendation for vitamin D in adolescents?

A

those not obtaining 600 IU through fortified milk qualify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the recommendation for fluoride in infants?

A

0.5 mg/day in >6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are important points regarding fluoride supplementation? (2)

A

only needed for exclusively breastfed infants, children should not use fluorinated toothpaste until 2 or more years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the recommendation for iron in breastfed full-term infants?

A

1 mg/kg/day from 4-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the recommendation for iron in breastfed pre-term infants?

A

2 mg/kg/day from 1-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the recommendation for iron in formula fed full-term infants?

A

fortified formula containing FE 4-12 mg/L until 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the recommendation for iron in formula fed pre-term infants?

A

additional 1 mg/kg/day to bring TDD to 2 mg/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the recommendation for solid foods in the diet? (4)

A

can start 4-6 months of age, should be single ingredients for at least a week before switching, includes cereals (rice, barley, oatmeal), start veggies/fruits/meats at 8-9 months

18
Q

What is the recommendation for diet in toddlers? (2)

A

regular diet + whole milk until 2, watch fruit juice (limit to 4-6 oz/day)

19
Q

What percent of infants experience GER within first 4 months of life?

A

up to 2/3

20
Q

What are reasons for GER being more common in neonates?

A

shorter esophagus, delayed gastric emptying, decreased LES pressure, immature peristalsis

21
Q

What are non-pharm treatments for GER?

A

sleeping supine, changing volume/frequency of feeding, thickening formula, parental reassurance

22
Q

What are factors that can contribute to decreased LES pressure?

A

tobacco smoke exposure, intake of fatty foods, certain medications (theophylline, CCBs), gastric distension

23
Q

What gene is associated with pediatric GERD?

A

13q14

24
Q

What are risk factors GERD?

A

neurologic impairment (cerebral palsy), obesity, esophageal atresia, chronic lung disease, prematurity

25
Q

What are signs/symptoms for GERD in infants?

A

regurgitation, vomiting, arching, irritability, poor weight gain, crying, Sandifer syndrome, food refusal, FTT, apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)

26
Q

What are signs/symptoms for GERD in children 1-5 years?

A

regurgitation, abdominal pain, cough, food refusal, recurrent pneumonia, dental erosions

27
Q

What are signs/symptoms for GERD in children 6 or more years?

A

reflux esophagitis

28
Q

What is the definition for acid reflux?

A

esophageal pH less than 4.0 lasting 15-30 seconds

29
Q

What does the reflux index score indicate?

A

percentage of total time that the esophageal pH is less than 4

30
Q

What is considered an abnormal RI in infants and patients older than 1 year, respectively?

A

more than 12%, 7%

31
Q

What is no longer recommended for infants and young children as a diagnostic test?

A

acid suppression trial

32
Q

What is the most common surgical procedure for GERD?

A

Nissen fundoplication

33
Q

What are the advantages of H2RAs? Disadvantages?

A

quick onset, cost-effective, no need to taper, liquid formulations; TOLERANCE

34
Q

What are the advantages of PPIs? Disadvantages?

A

most potent; limited formulations, CYP genetic polymorphisms, adverse effects, cost, increased infection risk, rebound acid

35
Q

What are the advantages of prokinetics? Disadvantages?

A

don’t actually suppress acid; significant AEs, limited data

36
Q

What are the advantages of antacids? Disadvantages?

A

quick onset, variety of dosage forms, low risk of AEs; require frequent administration

37
Q

What are the advantages of surface agents? Disadvantages?

A

coat may heal mucosa, low risk of AEs; limited data

38
Q

What is first-line for mild GERD in pediatrics? Moderate to severe?

A

H2RAs; PPIs

39
Q

When are prokinetics useful in pediatric GERD?

A

delayed gastric emptying

40
Q

What CYP enzyme has activity level variations up until puberty? Why is this relevant?

A

2C19; PPIs are metabolized by this pathway

41
Q

What is the duration of treatment in pediatric GERD?

A

12 weeks (taper PPIs over 4 weeks)

PHM704 Pediatrics/Geriatrics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions