Pediatrics - Acute Otitis Media & Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
What is the definition of uncomplicated otitis media?
without otorrhea
What is the definition of non-severe otitis media?
with presence of mild otalgia AND temperature <39 dC
What is the definition of severe otitis media?
with presence of moderate-to-severe otalgia OR fever >39 dC
When is peak incidence for AOM? When is it most common?
6-12 months; 6-24 months
What are risk factors for AOM?
genetics/family history, allergies, lack of breastfeeding, low SE status, smoke exposure, daycare attendance, pacifier use, winter
What are signs/symptoms of AOM?
otalgia (ear-tugging), irritability, HA, vomiting/diarrhea, fever, restless sleep, poor feeding
What is treatment for mild symptoms of AOM in children >2 yo?
“watchful waiting”
What is first-line treatment for AOM (initial immediate or delayed)? (2)
amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses) OR amoxicillin-clavulanate (90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses; ratio 14:1)
What is alternative treatment for AOM (initial immediate or delayed)? (4)
cefdinir (14 mg/kg/day in 1-2 doses), cefuroxime (30 mg/kg/day in 2 doses), cefpodoxime (10 mg/kg/day in 2 doses), ceftriaxone (50 mg/day IM/IV for 1-3 days)
What is the antibiotic treatment duration for patients 2 or less? >2?
10 days; 5-7 days
What is the treatment for pain management resulting from AOM? (2)
ibuprofen 5-10 mg/kg/dose q6hr PRN, APAP 10-15 mg/kg/dose q4-6hr PRN
What is the MOA for a tympanostomy tube?
moves the fluid from behind the eardrum to the outside of the ear
What are disadvantages of tympanostomy tubes?
scarring of tympanic membrane, children must be put under general anesthesia for procedure
What is the most common pathogen for pediatric UTIs?
E. coli
What are risk factors for UTIs?
younger age groups (neonates/infants), female sex, uncircumcised, constipation, anatomic abnormalities (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux), functional abnormalities (e.g., neurogenic bladder), female sexual activity, immunocompromised, DM, genetics
