Pediatrics Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What is a main concern for newborns especially preemies
A
breathing
2
Q
What are complications of being a premature infant
A
lungs aren’t developed
low surfactant
delayed growth
3
Q
What is normal gestation
A
37-42 weeks
4
Q
What qualifies as a premature birth
A
before 37 weeks
5
Q
what qualifies as a post term birth
A
after 42 weeks
6
Q
what are some causes of small for gestation age (SGA)
A
smoking
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
7
Q
causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
A
fetus doesn’t get nutrients and O2 needed
8
Q
To avoid SIDS how should an infant be placed
A
side or back
9
Q
In premature infants, what is lacking in their lungs
A
surfactant
10
Q
If a mom has gestational diabetes, what will be most likely seen in an infant
A
LGA- big baby
11
Q
What blood tests is commonly done to rule out spina bifida and Down’s syndrome
A
Alfa Feto Protein
12
Q
What are symptoms of hip dysplasia
A
extra gluteal folds
13
Q
What is a symptom of esophageal atresia
A
vomiting, coughing
14
Q
What is the nurse’s priority with esophageal atresia
A
aspiration
15
Q
What is the main concern in a child with cleft lip and palate
A
eating
16
Q
how does the nurse assess for cleft palate
A
feel top of mouth for hole
17
Q
What is hydrocephalus
A
too much CSF in skull
18
Q
What are nursing actions in a child with hydrocephalus
A
measure head circumference
19
Q
What is spina bifida
A
spinal column didn’t close
20
Q
What is meningocele
A
meninges come out
21
Q
What is myelomeningocele
A
meninges and spinal cord come out
22
Q
what are the main concerns with myelomeningocele
A
nerve damage
23
Q
What is epispadius
A
urethra is on top of penis
24
Q
What is imperforate anus
A
anus doesn’t go all the way through
25
What is the most common heart defect
Ventricular septal defect - hole between ventricles
26
What is tetralogy of fallot
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
right sided ventricular hypertrophy
27
What are symptoms of tetralogy of fallot
TET spell or squat
28
What is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of aorta
29
What is a patent ductus arteriosus
opening from pulmonary artery to aorta
30
What is the best way to keep track of physical growth of a child
growth chart
31
When should an infan't vital sings be assessed
when they are calm
32
what is a chief complaint
reason for visiting hospital
33
what is the best environment to interview an adolescent
away from parent
34
When giving instructions-who should the nurse address
child and parent
35
What is rooming in and how does it benefit the child
parent sleeps in child room
| relieves anxiety
36
When does discharge planning start
when patient is admitted
37
What is the best way to determine a young child's pain level
faces scale
38
What advice does the nurse give to a new parent to prevent SIDS
put baby on back or side
39
After feeding an infant, even a tube feeding, what should be done
burp and put upright
40
What kind of restraints could be used after cleft palate surgery for any time the child should not tough his fact
elbow restraint
41
What is the best way to make sure a gastric tube is in the correct place
Aspiration
42
What site is best to administer an IM injection to an infant
vastus lateralis
43
What is infiltration of an IV
not in the vein- swelling
44
Most often, how are doses of pediatric medications determined
weight in KG
45
How does chronic illness affect development
developmental and growth delays
46
Which types of development are effected
mental and physical
47
Does chronic illness affect growth
Yes
48
Give examples of common chronic diseases of childhood
cystic fibrosis, cancer, down's syndrome, Type 1 diabetes
49
When taking care of chronically ill children, what is the best strategy when making nursing assignments
consistent - same nurse
50
What are common reactions of parents to chronically ill children
over protective, denial, rejection
51
What are symptoms of sexual abuse
aches and pains, GI upset, nightmares, aggression
52
What is psychological abuse
emotional abuse
53
What is the punishment if a nurse fails to report abuse
go to jail, license revoked
54
What is munchausen by proxy
caregiver induces symptoms in child to gain attention
55
What are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome
increased ICP, high-pitched cry, blindness
56
What is anticipatory grief
grief starts when child is diagnosed - expect child to pass
57
If a family appears to be of a different culture how should a nurse address their preference for care of their dying child
Ask if they have any rituals
58
If a child expresses concern about dying, how should the nurse handle this
have them talk about it
59
What age group can first grasp that death is final
school age 8-9
60
If a child has seizures, when is a seizure an emergency
lasts longer than 30 min - status epilepticus
61
What is done for status epilepticus
immediate medical attention - ER
| give benzodiazapines
62
What are some teaching tips for a child taking seizure meds
Don't stop taking- might relapse
63
What are symptoms of otitis media
shakes head, pulls at ear, fever, pain
64
Why is a young child more prone to otitis media
eustachian tube is shorter and wider
65
What are signs of increased ICP
high pitched cry, bulging fontanel
66
What is asthma triggered by
exercise, pollen, allergens
67
What are symptoms of asthma
dry hacking cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing
68
What are symptoms of cystic fibrosis
cough, lung infection, can't gain weight, fattty stools
69
What is cystic fibrosis
thick mucus in lungs
70
What is a barrel chest
chest is as wide as is thick
71
What are clubbed fingers
nails are round because of lack of O2
72
Best thing to start with after a tonsillectomy
ice chips
73
What medication is commonly used for acute asthma attach
albuterol
74
What class albuterol belong to
Adrenergic bronchodilator
75
Describe what is going on in CHF
inadequate emptying of heart, increased venous volume
76
What medications are commonly given for CHF
cardiac glycoside, ACE inhibitor, diuretic
77
What is hemophilia
bleeding everywhere
78
What is sickle cell anemia
RBC's get hard and sickled
79
What is Digoxin
cardiac glycoside
80
What are some nursing implications before giving Digoxin
take apical pulse
81
What is furosemide
loop diuretic
82
What are nursing implications before giving furosemide
give in morning, check potassium levels
83
What is a common treatment for iron deficiency anemia
Give Iron
84
What vitamin helps Fe absorb
Vitamin C
85
What is leukemia
WBC cancer- uncontrolled reproduction of deformed WBC
86
Which type of leukemia is most common in children
acute lymphocytic leukemia
87
What are symptoms of leukemia
Biggest: risk for infection
| anemia, bleeding
88
What is the definitive diagnosis for leukemia
Bone marrow biopsy
89
What are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis
drowsiness, flushed, fruit-smelled, dry skin
90
What are symptoms of an insulin reaction
cold, clammy, sweaty, lethargic, weak, blurred
91
What are the general symptoms of diabetes mellitus
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
92
What are symptoms of appendicitis
pain in RL quadrant- gets worse with movement
93
What is aganglionic megacolon
nerves to colon die and poop is backed up
94
What are symptoms of aganglionic megacolon
constipation, don't poop, fecal vomiting
95
What is pyloric stenosis
pyloric sphincter is stenosed
96
What are symptoms of pyloric stenosis
projectile vomiting, sour smell, dehydration
97
What class of meds should be given to a child infected with pinworms
anthelmic
98
Wha tare teaching tips to avoid UTI
change underwear, wipe front to back
99
What is done to definitively confirm a UTI
clean catch of urine
100
What is pyelonephritis
UTI gests to kidneys
101
What is glomerulonephritis
allergic reaction to Strep
102
What are symptoms of golmerulonephritis
grossly bloody urine
103
What is cryptorchidism
testis don't descend
104
How is cryptorchidism assessed
feel and look
105
What is infection of the bone called
osteomyelitis
106
What must be assessed when a cast or any orthopedic device is used
```
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
paralysis
```
107
What is Legg calve perthes disease
aseptic nevrosis of head of femur
108
What is a complete vs incomplete fracture
complete: bone breaks completely
incomplete: bone isn't all the way broken
109
Name 2 incomplete fractures
greenstick and buckle
110
What are rules of care when caring for a child in skeletal traction
don't get up, weights off floor, don't take off, traction & ounterweight presant
111
What type of disease is carried by a tick
lymes disease
112
What are symptoms of lymes disease
bulls eye rash
113
What is the process of removing dead tissue from a wound or burn
debridement
114
What is priority when taking care of a child with a burn
breathing
| pain management
115
What is thrush
fungal infection in mouth
116
What are symptoms of thrush
cottage cheese looking spots on tongue
117
What is thrush caused by
candidias - fungal infection
118
What is a macule
flat small spot
119
What is a papule
small raised bump
120
What is a vesicle
fluid filled
121
What is a pustule
pus filled
122
What is the main cause of anorexia nervosa
person wants to be in charge
123
What is treatment for anorexia
psychotherapy, small meals
124
What are symptoms of ADHD
limited attention, hyperactivity
