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Pediatrics Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a main concern for newborns especially preemies

A

breathing

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2
Q

What are complications of being a premature infant

A

lungs aren’t developed
low surfactant
delayed growth

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3
Q

What is normal gestation

A

37-42 weeks

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4
Q

What qualifies as a premature birth

A

before 37 weeks

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5
Q

what qualifies as a post term birth

A

after 42 weeks

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6
Q

what are some causes of small for gestation age (SGA)

A

smoking

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

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7
Q

causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

A

fetus doesn’t get nutrients and O2 needed

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8
Q

To avoid SIDS how should an infant be placed

A

side or back

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9
Q

In premature infants, what is lacking in their lungs

A

surfactant

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10
Q

If a mom has gestational diabetes, what will be most likely seen in an infant

A

LGA- big baby

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11
Q

What blood tests is commonly done to rule out spina bifida and Down’s syndrome

A

Alfa Feto Protein

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12
Q

What are symptoms of hip dysplasia

A

extra gluteal folds

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13
Q

What is a symptom of esophageal atresia

A

vomiting, coughing

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14
Q

What is the nurse’s priority with esophageal atresia

A

aspiration

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15
Q

What is the main concern in a child with cleft lip and palate

A

eating

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16
Q

how does the nurse assess for cleft palate

A

feel top of mouth for hole

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17
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

too much CSF in skull

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18
Q

What are nursing actions in a child with hydrocephalus

A

measure head circumference

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19
Q

What is spina bifida

A

spinal column didn’t close

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20
Q

What is meningocele

A

meninges come out

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21
Q

What is myelomeningocele

A

meninges and spinal cord come out

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22
Q

what are the main concerns with myelomeningocele

A

nerve damage

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23
Q

What is epispadius

A

urethra is on top of penis

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24
Q

What is imperforate anus

A

anus doesn’t go all the way through

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25
Q

What is the most common heart defect

A

Ventricular septal defect - hole between ventricles

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26
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
right sided ventricular hypertrophy

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27
Q

What are symptoms of tetralogy of fallot

A

TET spell or squat

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28
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of aorta

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29
Q

What is a patent ductus arteriosus

A

opening from pulmonary artery to aorta

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30
Q

What is the best way to keep track of physical growth of a child

A

growth chart

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31
Q

When should an infan’t vital sings be assessed

A

when they are calm

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32
Q

what is a chief complaint

A

reason for visiting hospital

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33
Q

what is the best environment to interview an adolescent

A

away from parent

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34
Q

When giving instructions-who should the nurse address

A

child and parent

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35
Q

What is rooming in and how does it benefit the child

A

parent sleeps in child room

relieves anxiety

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36
Q

When does discharge planning start

A

when patient is admitted

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37
Q

What is the best way to determine a young child’s pain level

A

faces scale

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38
Q

What advice does the nurse give to a new parent to prevent SIDS

A

put baby on back or side

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39
Q

After feeding an infant, even a tube feeding, what should be done

A

burp and put upright

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40
Q

What kind of restraints could be used after cleft palate surgery for any time the child should not tough his fact

A

elbow restraint

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41
Q

What is the best way to make sure a gastric tube is in the correct place

A

Aspiration

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42
Q

What site is best to administer an IM injection to an infant

A

vastus lateralis

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43
Q

What is infiltration of an IV

A

not in the vein- swelling

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44
Q

Most often, how are doses of pediatric medications determined

A

weight in KG

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45
Q

How does chronic illness affect development

A

developmental and growth delays

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46
Q

Which types of development are effected

A

mental and physical

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47
Q

Does chronic illness affect growth

A

Yes

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48
Q

Give examples of common chronic diseases of childhood

A

cystic fibrosis, cancer, down’s syndrome, Type 1 diabetes

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49
Q

When taking care of chronically ill children, what is the best strategy when making nursing assignments

A

consistent - same nurse

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50
Q

What are common reactions of parents to chronically ill children

A

over protective, denial, rejection

51
Q

What are symptoms of sexual abuse

A

aches and pains, GI upset, nightmares, aggression

52
Q

What is psychological abuse

A

emotional abuse

53
Q

What is the punishment if a nurse fails to report abuse

A

go to jail, license revoked

54
Q

What is munchausen by proxy

A

caregiver induces symptoms in child to gain attention

55
Q

What are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome

A

increased ICP, high-pitched cry, blindness

56
Q

What is anticipatory grief

A

grief starts when child is diagnosed - expect child to pass

57
Q

If a family appears to be of a different culture how should a nurse address their preference for care of their dying child

A

Ask if they have any rituals

58
Q

If a child expresses concern about dying, how should the nurse handle this

A

have them talk about it

59
Q

What age group can first grasp that death is final

A

school age 8-9

60
Q

If a child has seizures, when is a seizure an emergency

A

lasts longer than 30 min - status epilepticus

61
Q

What is done for status epilepticus

A

immediate medical attention - ER

give benzodiazapines

62
Q

What are some teaching tips for a child taking seizure meds

A

Don’t stop taking- might relapse

63
Q

What are symptoms of otitis media

A

shakes head, pulls at ear, fever, pain

64
Q

Why is a young child more prone to otitis media

A

eustachian tube is shorter and wider

65
Q

What are signs of increased ICP

A

high pitched cry, bulging fontanel

66
Q

What is asthma triggered by

A

exercise, pollen, allergens

67
Q

What are symptoms of asthma

A

dry hacking cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing

68
Q

What are symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

cough, lung infection, can’t gain weight, fattty stools

69
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

thick mucus in lungs

70
Q

What is a barrel chest

A

chest is as wide as is thick

71
Q

What are clubbed fingers

A

nails are round because of lack of O2

72
Q

Best thing to start with after a tonsillectomy

73
Q

What medication is commonly used for acute asthma attach

74
Q

What class albuterol belong to

A

Adrenergic bronchodilator

75
Q

Describe what is going on in CHF

A

inadequate emptying of heart, increased venous volume

76
Q

What medications are commonly given for CHF

A

cardiac glycoside, ACE inhibitor, diuretic

77
Q

What is hemophilia

A

bleeding everywhere

78
Q

What is sickle cell anemia

A

RBC’s get hard and sickled

79
Q

What is Digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside

80
Q

What are some nursing implications before giving Digoxin

A

take apical pulse

81
Q

What is furosemide

A

loop diuretic

82
Q

What are nursing implications before giving furosemide

A

give in morning, check potassium levels

83
Q

What is a common treatment for iron deficiency anemia

84
Q

What vitamin helps Fe absorb

85
Q

What is leukemia

A

WBC cancer- uncontrolled reproduction of deformed WBC

86
Q

Which type of leukemia is most common in children

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

87
Q

What are symptoms of leukemia

A

Biggest: risk for infection

anemia, bleeding

88
Q

What is the definitive diagnosis for leukemia

A

Bone marrow biopsy

89
Q

What are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis

A

drowsiness, flushed, fruit-smelled, dry skin

90
Q

What are symptoms of an insulin reaction

A

cold, clammy, sweaty, lethargic, weak, blurred

91
Q

What are the general symptoms of diabetes mellitus

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

92
Q

What are symptoms of appendicitis

A

pain in RL quadrant- gets worse with movement

93
Q

What is aganglionic megacolon

A

nerves to colon die and poop is backed up

94
Q

What are symptoms of aganglionic megacolon

A

constipation, don’t poop, fecal vomiting

95
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

pyloric sphincter is stenosed

96
Q

What are symptoms of pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomiting, sour smell, dehydration

97
Q

What class of meds should be given to a child infected with pinworms

98
Q

Wha tare teaching tips to avoid UTI

A

change underwear, wipe front to back

99
Q

What is done to definitively confirm a UTI

A

clean catch of urine

100
Q

What is pyelonephritis

A

UTI gests to kidneys

101
Q

What is glomerulonephritis

A

allergic reaction to Strep

102
Q

What are symptoms of golmerulonephritis

A

grossly bloody urine

103
Q

What is cryptorchidism

A

testis don’t descend

104
Q

How is cryptorchidism assessed

A

feel and look

105
Q

What is infection of the bone called

A

osteomyelitis

106
Q

What must be assessed when a cast or any orthopedic device is used

A 
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
paralysis
107
Q

What is Legg calve perthes disease

A

aseptic nevrosis of head of femur

108
Q

What is a complete vs incomplete fracture

A

complete: bone breaks completely
incomplete: bone isn’t all the way broken

109
Q

Name 2 incomplete fractures

A

greenstick and buckle

110
Q

What are rules of care when caring for a child in skeletal traction

A

don’t get up, weights off floor, don’t take off, traction & ounterweight presant

111
Q

What type of disease is carried by a tick

A

lymes disease

112
Q

What are symptoms of lymes disease

A

bulls eye rash

113
Q

What is the process of removing dead tissue from a wound or burn

A

debridement

114
Q

What is priority when taking care of a child with a burn

A

breathing

pain management

115
Q

What is thrush

A

fungal infection in mouth

116
Q

What are symptoms of thrush

A

cottage cheese looking spots on tongue

117
Q

What is thrush caused by

A

candidias - fungal infection

118
Q

What is a macule

A

flat small spot

119
Q

What is a papule

A

small raised bump

120
Q

What is a vesicle

A

fluid filled

121
Q

What is a pustule

A

pus filled

122
Q

What is the main cause of anorexia nervosa

A

person wants to be in charge

123
Q

What is treatment for anorexia

A

psychotherapy, small meals

124
Q

What are symptoms of ADHD

A

limited attention, hyperactivity

Pediatrics (8 decks)

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