Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SET 2 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of growth and development

A

Growth is the physical size while development is FUNCTION and they are not always chronological to age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cephalocaudal development is

and Proxomodistal

A

Development from head down
toward to feet.

Development from center body outward to extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Play reference for children

A

its to help them learn new things, socialize and use coping skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior fontanel close at

Posterior Fontanel

A

12-18 months

2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is it best to introduce new foods?

A

once a week because you are worried about allergies because of immature GI tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peanuts are dangers because

A

When wet the swell and crumble, ofc allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IM injections are contraindicated

A

for children not walking because its not full developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Auditory canal in young children

A

earlobe is down and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many cups of milk should a 15 month old toddler consume

A

2-3 cups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Best friend stage

A

9-10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leading cause of death up to 1 year age

A

Suffocation, MVA, drowning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Car seat regulations

A

Do not place in front passenger due to airbags
less than 20 pounds may be in middle back seat-semi reclined the best protection for their heavy head and weak neck

12-23 months convertible car seat facing forward, never place padding as it can add slack resulting in ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Booster seats

A

Used for ages 4-8 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Major cause of severe accidental injury 6-12

A

MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Teach children safety about

A

stranger safety, not talking or texting anyone on the internet, social media sites or phone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Growth rate at 6-12 years

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

School age requires how many calories

A

2400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Girls experience onset of adolescence

A

1-2 years ahead boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vitals Assessment

A

Observation before touching
Use Distraction and get accurate set of vitals such as pen light or stickers talk to the parents first. Always starting with least invasive, respirations and HR (one full minute cause of immature NSystem), bp then temp. . If child is upset record the behaviour w/ the measurement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Temperature

A

Rectal should be taken for infants and children but not newborn. This is contraindicated for diarrhea, rectal lesions, chemotherapy, immunosupressed and no rectum

Axillary done in all ages if oral cannot be done. Oral can start at 5 to 6 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

New born birth - 1 month communication

A

Primarily nonverbal and expresses through human voice, presence and through crying. Encourage parent to touch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Infants 1 month - 12 months

A

Communication is still nonverbal and repeats consonants, communicates through crying and facial expressions, human voice and presence minimal comprehension of words, patting rocking stroking, pat rub calm.

Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson
Young infants self-centered; they have little tolerance for delayed gratification. Pulling cord toys

Rolling over occurs at 5 months
Pincer grab should be established by 11 months

Comprehension of No-no 9 months
Able to say mama and dada with attachment 10 months
3-5 words 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Toddler and Preschooler 1-5 years communication

A

Use language to express thoughts children ages 3-4 can for 3-4 word sentence called telegraphic, concrete thinkin and vocab depends on development of family use, asks why, short attn span, limited memory, they are egocentric, magical thinking, animism, object permanence , express through dramatic play and drawing

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)
Ego Centrism
Parallel Play
Fine motor: builds tower of 2 cubes, holds 2 cubes in one hand, scribbles, uses cup well but struggles with a spoon
Language: says 4-5 words, including name, points and ask for objects, understands simple commands, says 10 or more words, uses 2-3 phrases, TALKS ALL THE TIME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

School age children 6-12 communication

A

Use logic and understands point of view, cause and effect how the body functions, big vocab, expression through thoughts and feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adolescents 13-18 communication

A

Adult comprehension, medical terms limited, strive for independence, needs privacy and building on trust and rapport, strategy is to have part of interview w/o parent in room.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Children with physical and development disabilities

A

May be unable to communicate and feel helpless, fear and this may be felt with family as well. Nursing strategies use picture boards, writing tables, head nods and eye blinks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are observable signs of resp distress in children?

A

Use of accessory muscle
nasal flaring
sternal retractions
grunting w/ resp

this can lead to pneumothorax , pleural effusion, pnuemonia, atelactasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is laryngotracheobronchitis or croup?

A 
viral infection (RSV)  and adenovirus, result in
dyspnea, barking cough, elevated temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is treatment of LTB?

A

Mild croup - stay at home
Hot showers to liquefy secretions
Cool temps to decrease swollen blood vessels

It it does not improve use
Nebulized epi it proves in 10-15 but can relapse
corticosteriods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is epiglottitis?

Causes
S/S
Recommendations

A

Caused by
Obstructive inflammatory process absence of cough, dysphagia, drooling and rapid progression of severe distress.

Caused by infection of epiglotitis leading to partial or full obstruction

less noise = airway obstruction.

Never try to visualize with tongue depressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is RSV?

A

lower resp illness in children less than 2 years of age caused by an acute viral infection that affects the bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the risk factors for RSV?

A

Prematurity
Congenital disorders/heart defects
smoke
*Focus on prevention avoiding sick, and getting immunization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

S/S of RSV

A 
Begins with simple upper respiratory infection 
nasal discharge
mild fever
nonproductive *paroxysmal cough
tachpnea flaring nose 
dyspnea and retractions 
worsens at 2-3 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Treatment for RSV

A

mild: supportive care antipyretics
severe: iv fluids
albuterol
antipyretics
suction
oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the lungs caused by viral bacterial, fungal aspiration etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

S/s pneumonia

A 
Fine crackles rhonchi 
decreased or absent breath sounds
chest pain 
abd or back pain 
fever high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Txt for pneumonia

A 
depends on type
priority is ABC's 
oxygen
plenty of fluids
abx for bacterial
supportive care : hydration, antipyretics and nebs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is cleft palate/lip/

A

orofacial defect affecting oropharnx increase the risk of malnutrition and aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Preop of cleft palate

A

Fed with elongated nipple or medicine dropper to prevent aspiration and burp frequently cause of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Surgery of cleft lip/palate

A

Fix the lip first because the palate is made up of cartilage and doesnt do well usually and done at another time, also it promotes feeding and parental bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Post op cleft lip/palate

A

I want to make sure my priority is to protect the suter line. when going into the room the child should be supine or side lying to allow the repair and NO prone positions. Avoid putting hard and rough foods, and maintain a soft diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When can a cleft palate surgery be done?

A

Before speech occurs at 1-2 years old.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is GERD?

A

back wash reflux into espophagus

44
Q

Txt of gerd

A

upright position for 30 minutes, frequent burping

thickened formula.

45
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Projectile vomitting during or after feeding?

46
Q

S/s of pyloric stenosis

A

Assess the abdomen for “olive shaped” near epigastric region near umbilicus

47
Q

Diagnsis of pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound

48
Q

Txt of p. stenosis

A 
hydration, electrolyte 
i/o 
monitor specific gravity 
daily weights
surgery to open sphincter up.
49
Q

What is intussusception?

A

a piece of bowel stays forming obstruction

50
Q

s/s and txt of intussusception and treatment

A 
sudden pain
pain episodes
inconsolable
drawing up knee cause of cramping and abd pain 
currant jelly poop

txt sometimes enema can help push it out or surgery may be done cause it can reoccur.

51
Q

What is Hirschprung ?

A

Disease of mega colon that is congenital results in a mechanical obstruction

52
Q

S/s of hirschprung?

Txt

A

constipation, because there is no nerves / peristalsis
abd distention
ribbon like foul smell poop

Surgery

53
Q

What is headlice?

S/s and Treatment

A

Scalp itching via direct contact

Treatment
is antiparasitic meds

54
Q

What are pin worms?

A

Intense rectal itching

s/s general irritability 
restlessness 
poor sleep 
bed wetting 
distractibility 
short attention span hand and mouth spreading and whole family should be treated
55
Q

How to get specimen for diagnosis of pin worms

A

Tape test

56
Q

Txt of pin worms

A

Mebendazole
good handwashing
keep finger nails short

57
Q

Cause Mononucleosis?

A

Infectious kissing disease

Caused by epstein barr
direct intimate contact aka through drinking fountain

58
Q

S/s of mono

A

sore throat
fatigue
swollen lymph nodes
liver and spleen enlargement

59
Q

Txt of mono

A

Rest analgesic, increased fluids and good nutrition

spleen will be enlarge so prevent injury

60
Q

What is tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy?

A

Surgical procedure performed for children w/ recurrent upper respiratory infections

61
Q

Positioning and txt for tonsillectomy?

A

on their side, side lying , prone to prevent aspiration

62
Q

What indicates hemorrhaging with tonsillectomy/

A

frequent swallowing they are at risk for 10 days because sloughing occurs 7-10 days no chips or rough foods for several days

63
Q

Common complaints post-op of tonsillectomy

A

Sore throat ear pain , low grade temp

bad breath, may also indicate foreign body caused by infection and must be removed

64
Q

What is ottitis media?

A

infection middle ear bulging bright red tympanic membrane preceded by upper resp infection

65
Q

Txt of ottitis media

A

Careful use of abx
avoid chewing eat soft foods, children may not hear well and may require TYMPANOSTOMY TUBES , which will drain middle ear and might fall off.

Children must wear earplugs in bath tub when swimming

66
Q

Prevention of ottits media

A

sit up with feedings
no bottle proping
gentle blowing nose
avoid smoke of any kind

67
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Involves exocrine glands both GI and resp involved

68
Q

Txt of CF?

A

Pancreatic enzymes to help improve digestion w/ meals and snack and must be given 30 min before eating no crush or chew.

water miscible form of fat vit to improve absorption such as ADEK

69
Q

Type of nutrition for CF

A

High fat and high calorie because they are usually underweight w/ digestive problem

70
Q

S/S OF CF

A

meconium ileus with new born

Steatorrhea fat frothy stool because of poor intestinal absorption, trouble with fat absorbing

sections are thick and sticky

71
Q

Diagnosis of CF

A

Sweat Chloride, - they are likely hyponatremic

autosomal recessive disorder must get the gene from BOTH parents

72
Q

What is down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

73
Q

Type of infection with downs

A

respiratory infections because they have poor immune system

74
Q

What is the common type of physical defect with down

A

congenital heart defects

75
Q

Risk for downs

A

advanced maternal age, so important to aim for genetic counselling

76
Q

What is celiac disease

A

intolerance to gluten malabsorption in intestines

77
Q

Treatment of celiac

A

no food with gluten no BROW
barley rye oats wheat

Can have RCS

78
Q

What is sickle cell?

A

Anemia - hgb is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hgb

79
Q

S/s of sickle cell

A

pain in area involved
anorexia
exercise intolerance
fatigue malaise

80
Q

What is sickle cell crisis?

A

Decreased blood flow -> decreased oxygen -> pain

81
Q

Txt for sickle cell

A 
Bedrest
HYDRATION
Analgesics
blood transfusions
oxygen
hydroxyurea - used in chemo to reduce episodes
82
Q

What is duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

severe muscular dystrophy childhood x-linked specific to male children

83
Q

s/s of duchenne muscular

A 
lordosis 
waddling gait
frequent falls - weak muscles
toe walking
gower - difficulty climbing stairs
84
Q

txt of duchenne

A

physical therapy, optimum muscle
prevent contractures
steriods to help strength and resp fx
support groups and palliative groups

85
Q

What are Tet spells

A

hypercyanotic spells caused by heart defect teralogy of fallot

86
Q

Cause of tet

A

insufficient blood flow

87
Q

Txt for hypercyanotic tet spells

A

put infants knee chest position to decrease venous return and increase systemic resistance

100% oxygen
morphine for sedation and monitor CO

88
Q

Prevention of Tet

A

quiet play
minimize stress
respond to crying
HF infants is usually due to congen

89
Q

What is UTI? And how it cause

A 
Common with 2-6 years caused by 
renal anomalies
constipation
bubble bath
poor hygiene 
pin worms
sexual activity
female urethra is 1 1/2 inches long
90
Q

S/s of UTI under two years

A

Nonspecific less than 2 years and may be a GI problem
FTT
Feed problems
Vomitting/diarrhea
if untreated renal tissue may be destroyed scarring = renal failure
tendency to reoccur

91
Q

S/s age over 2 of UTI

A 
Frequency
dysuria
fever
flank pain
hematuria
foul smelling urine
92
Q

Diagnosis of UTI

A

Requires proper collection of urine specimen

and catheterization

93
Q

Txt of UTI

A 
Abx PO/IV
teach 
proper wipe
no bubble baths
cotton underwear
limited carbonated - decreases acidity
94
Q

What is hydroceph

A

disturbance of vent circulation of CSF increasing ICP

95
Q

S/S of hydroceph

A 
bulging fontanel
sunset eyes
dilated scalp veins
depressed or sunkey eyes
irritability changes in loc 
highpitched cry
96
Q

DX of hydroceph

A

head circumference until age of 3

97
Q

Surgical treatment of hydroceph

A

Insertion of vp shunt to drain fluid

98
Q

Post op care of vp shunt

A

measure head circum
assess bulging fontanels and suture lines
monitor temp
supine position

99
Q

What is hydroceph associated w/

A

myelomeninogcele, type of spina bifida protecting the back do not let it rupture and lie prone. cover the sack with dressing to wait for surgery

100
Q

What is scoliosis

A

musculo consisting of lateral curvature idiopathic or congen

101
Q

Contrib factors of scoliosis

A

heavy back packs
bags
carrying on hips

102
Q

Txt of scoliosis

A

Observation
orthosis
operation

103
Q

What is chicken pox

A

Caused rarely by vaccine, varicella zoster

104
Q

Primary prevention of chicken pox and txt

A

Prevent infection, oat meal and baking soda

105
Q

Parenting styles

A

authorization highly controlling
authoritative sets reasonable limits
permissing few or no restraints unconditional love little guidance
indifference no limit lacks affection focused on life

SET 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions