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SET 2 > Oncology I & II > Flashcards

Oncology I & II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for cancer?

A 
Tobacco & Alcohol
Nitrates 
Increased Meat / Fat 
Obseiity
Immunosupressed 
Herederity 
Africans > Caucasians 
Lack of sunscreen use
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2
Q

Prevention and Screening

A 
No smoking 
Limit Red Meat 
Have a good diet 
Wear Sunscreen 
Vaccines
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3
Q

Secondary prevention - Females Curing the cx and treating it

A

SBEX 7-12 days 2/ Post and Hyst, same day each month
BSE at age 20-39, q1 every 3 yrs,
Mammogram 1 q3 after 50 q1 - nothing on
Polyps/fecal occult/ colonoscopy at 50 unless found something

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4
Q

Secondary prevention - Males

A

BSE and TSE yearly
15-36 TS Cx
Digital Rectal Exam at 50 for PSA
Colonoscopy/Fecal occult at 50 q10 years unless something found.

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5
Q

Tertiary

A

To provide management of complex complications

Support groups and Rehab

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6
Q

Diagnosis For Cancer

A 
Changes in bladder and bowel 
A sore that does heal 
Unusual bleeding
Thick lump 
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing 
Obvious change in wart/mole 
Nagging Cough
--
Electrical razors soft brushes 
NO IM quiet play 
#1 sign of Cx is pain
Cachexia 
Fatigue 
Blood problems = Anemia
Constant Fever = Lymphoma
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7
Q

Blood Tests

A

CBC Diff (WBC) * Neutrophils
Elevates Liver AST/ALT
Tumor Biomarkers
Regular Diagnostic studies

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8
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Remove Epigliottis, Cartilage and Thyroid

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9
Q

Care for Total Laryngectomy

A 
NPO
Midfowlers 35-45
Ng feeds, watch for peristalsis 
Innate Carotid 
Bib on 
Forever theyll voice box 
NOT ALLOWED - Whistle, drink through a straw, NOT recommended to swim or smoke
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10
Q

Reconstructive Breast Surgery

A 
#1 Pooling -> where?
Graph site 
Monitor Jackson Pratt/ Hemovac 
No constrictive clothing/BP/Jewelry
Finger wall climbing, Brushing Hair
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11
Q

Radiation Therapy

A

Brachytherapy Can cause harm to others Unsealed or sealed

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12
Q

Unsealed radiation Therapy

A

Going as close via inside towards the cx, causing harm via bodily fluids
IV/PO
24-48HRS

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13
Q

Sealed Radition

A

Implanting close to cx bodily fluids does not cause harm/ not radioactive and is implanted inside
Prostate/ cervical CX.

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14
Q

General Precautions for Radiation

A

Time/Distance/ Shielding/

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15
Q

Precautions with internal radiation

A

Change the nurse daily and wear a film badge
Private room one client
No children below 16, pregnant
Limit visitors, 6 ft, 30 mins only

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16
Q

How to help w/ dislodgement for sealed

A

Decrease fibre
bedrest
prevent bladder distention

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17
Q

What to do when implant is dislodged?

A

Wear gloves
Pick it up w/ Forceps
Call Radiation Team

18
Q

After radiation what are the pts not allowed to do

A

Have the same toilet w/ everyone must flush
Not sleep in same bed as anyone for 1-11 days
No work / No public transportation
No cooking

19
Q

External Radiation

A

Is high beam energy outside the body

20
Q

External Radiation effects

A 
Is not radioactive
Causes 
Erythemia 
Shedding 
#1! Fatigue
21
Q

What to teach with externa rad pts?

A

No lotion
Use sunscreen
Do not remove markings

22
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Is to reduce and prevent development of cx.

23
Q

Full precautions w/ Chemo

A

Wear a coated gown
Double gloves
Face Shield no Latex

24
Q

Excretion precautions for Chemo treatment

A

Chemo excreted for 3-7 days, wear double gloves

25
Q

Disposal of Chemo

A

Yellow rigid container and waste bag

26
Q

What do you do when a spill occurs?

A

Wash your hands
Get spill kit
Respirator
Gowns/Gloves/Goggles/ Spill

27
Q

What isextravation?

A

Complications of chem
Chemo drugs given centrally
causing vesicants can cause necrosis w/ tissue

28
Q

S/s of Extravation

A

Pain

Swelling and No blood return

29
Q

Txt for extravation?

A

Stay with client and stop the IV review protocol

30
Q

Transplants

A 
Stem= Blood
Bone marrow 
Both require match 
Rejection:
Abd Pain
Pruitis
Jaundice 
Diarrhea
31
Q

GI side Effects of CX

A

Nausea -
Given 1st week of chemo
Ondasetron - Zofran given 1hr prior to chemo , rarely causes drowsiness - TRON

Nutripitant
Oral Combo one dose 1hr before

Non pharm
Aromatherapy
Ginger ale
Meditation

Stomatitis
Oral cavity

Diarrhea
*1 reason worry about F/E imbalances

32
Q

Hemapoetic Complications of Chemo

A 
Decreased blood cells 
#1 is worry about infection
33
Q

Integumentary Complications of chemo

A

Alopecia, allow them to look at the scarring

34
Q

Pain

A

There is no ceiling for it

Opiods are gold standard

35
Q

Neutropenia

A

Decrease in WBC (ANC count) 2500-8000

Txt give antibiotics

36
Q

DVT

A 
2nd leading cause of death 
Caused by constant bedrest 
Use of central line
Compression of vessels 
*concern is PE
37
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Clotting factor, platelets are affected

38
Q

Risk factors for thrombocytopenia

A 
Hematological
Bleeding disorders 
Advanced metastatic disease 
I Purpura/ITP/ hemophilia/liver disease 
Cx meds 
Bacterial infections 
Anticoagulant- aspirin/Coumadin(warfarin) /heparin
39
Q

Thrombocytopenia assessment

A 
History 
Vitals 
Loc 
Bleeding/headache/pupils 
Conjuctival hemorrhage 
Petchaie/ecchymosis/ purpura oozing from surgical site 
Bleeding from nose/ mouth/anus
40
Q

Txt for thrombocytopenia

A

Give platelets

41
Q

Rbc infusion

A

If client is symptomatic anemic
You do not want below 8gmol
Never infuse any blood products cold

SET 2 (16 decks)

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