Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SET 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What three glands are produced with thyroid hormones?

A

T3,t4, calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

Decrease cal levels putting from blood to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes hormones

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do thyroid hormones do?

A

Provide energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A 
S/s GRAVES / too much energy 
Nervous
Irritable 
Short attention span 
Weight down 
Appetite up 
Exopthalmus 
GI fast 
BP/BPM up 
Arrythmia 
Increase in thyroid 
Diagnosis 
T4 is 
Tsh 
Thyroid scan - must discontinue 1 week and restart in 6 weeks 
Ultrasound/MRI/CT 
Txt 
Anti thyroid methimazole 
Stops making thyroid 
Used for preop 
Euthyroid

Iodine
Decrease size of gland
Use straw why? With milk/juice

Beta blockers 
LOL propanol 
Decrease myocardial contractility 
Decrease HR/BP Anxiety 
*contra for diabetics and asthmatics 
Radioactive therapy 
1 dose 
Po -r/o pregnancy 
Destroys thyroid cells 
Stay away from babies 1 week no contact 1wk

*thyroid storms

Surgery thyroidectomy
Priority* hemorrhage
Reporting pressure
Check bleeding on incision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to care for thyroidectomy pt2?

A 
Assess for bleeding at incision 
Laryngel damage? How? 
Potential paralysis requires trach 
Trach set at bedside 
Swelling 
Hypocalcemia -assess parathyroid removal theyre  not sedated they are rigid

Teach:
Support neck
Personal items close
Increase calories post op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypothyroidism

A 
S/s
No energy 
Tired
Slow speech 
Weight increase
Gi slow 
Cold 
Ammenorrhea

Diagnosis
t4 decreased
Tsh increased

Txt
Levothyroxine empty stomach
Tend to have CAD because of increased LDL
Forever on meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a parathyroid problem

A

Affects Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperparathyroidism=hypercal=hypophos

A

Too much pth, sedated

Txt
Partial parathyroidectomy to decrease PTH
Monitor for hypocal (tight ridgid muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypopara=hypocal=hyperphos

A

Too little pth, ca low, not sedated

Txt:
Iv ca
Pho binding drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does your adrenal gland do?

A

Respond to stress with two parts,

adrenal cortext and adrenal meddulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the adrenal medulla release

A

Epi and Norephi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a complication of adrenal medulla

A

Phenochromocytoma, which is a benign tumor that releases in boluses.
Familial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S/s of Phenochromocytoma?

A 
Bp UP
HR UP
Palpitations Yes
Flushing and diaphoretic 
headache Yes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to diagnose Phenochromocytoma?

A

Catecoline levels VMA/MN
24 hr specimen - throw away first void, keep last void
Avoid activities that increase nor and ephi
Surgery to remove tumors
*Avoid palpating abdomen as this can activate release and increase bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of Adrenal Cortex?

A

Secretes hormones - gluccorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the gluccorticoids do in a/cortex?

A 
Chnage your mood
alter defense mechanisms 
immunosupressed = risk for infection 
breaks down protein and fats - energy
inhibit insulin - hyperglycemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does mineralocorticoids / ald do?

A

Retain Na and H2o, and lose potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does sex hormones do?

A

Hirsutism
Acne
Irreg Menstral cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the problems with Adrenal Cortex?

A 
Not enough steroids
shock
hyperkalemia 
hypoglycemia
Addison's disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is addisons disease?

A

Not enough steroids.

S/S 
Extreme fatigue
nause/vo/diah
weightloss
hypotension 
confusion
decreased sodium potassium, hypoglycemia 
hyperkal
hyperpig
vitiligo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the treatment for addison?

A 
Fight against shock
increase sodium 
processed fruit/broth
increase  i/o
Bp will likely be low, and losing weight/FVD

Meds
Corticosteriods - 2x a day split morning and evening
Fludocortisone acetate synthetic aldosterone
daily weight and bp monitored *monitor for Bp changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is addision crisis?

A

Sever hypotension and vascular collapse due to infection, emotional stress, and stopping steroids abruptly. b/sugar down.

24
Q

What is cushing’s ?

A

Too much steriods

25
Q

S/s of cushings?

A 
buffalo hump
acne 
moon face
lipolysis thin extremities
hyperglycemia 
trucal obesity
 - gluccorticoids

Oil skin/acne, male/women traits - sex hormones

High BP, CHF, weight gain , FVE
- Mineralcorticoids

26
Q

What would the pt with cushing be low/high of?

A

Potassium, and high cortisol levels in 24hr urine

27
Q

What is txt for cushing?

A

adrenalectomy uni or both- if both lifetime replacement
quite environment
avoid infection
diet pre-treatment
increase K, decrease Na, Increase Protein, Increase Ca
Often steroids decreases serum calcium - hence brittle bones

28
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Little or no insulin
diagnose in childhood autoimmune response
first sign DKA, appears abruptly polyphagia, dipsia, uria

29
Q

What is the patho of diabetes 1

A

Normal > insulin carry glucose -> blood-> cell
TDB1 - Stay in blood > hypertonic > kidneys > polyuria
Cells -> fat protein breakdown> ketones > acidotic ZAq

30
Q

S/S OF DM1 ?

A

Polyuria - FVD - Shock
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

31
Q

Tx of DM1?

A

insulin not orally

32
Q

What is syndrome X?

A 
waist 40in male, 35 women
trigly 150
HDL< 40 M, 50 F
Bp high
This increases the risk for CVD in type 2
33
Q

Txt for DM2

A

Oral agents/ some take insulin
how do they work> produce insulin -metformin because it reduces glucose production and enhances how glucose enters the body, but may be prescribed with combo meds or lantus

34
Q

What is Ges Dm2?

A

Type 2 dm
need more insulin 2-3x more
screen at 1st prenatal visit, screen again at 24-48 wks

35
Q

Complications of ges dm2

A

Babies have increased birth weight and hypogly

36
Q

General treatment for dm2/dm1

A

Majority of diet from complex carbs, fats, protein
high fibre will slow down glucose

exercise, watch for hypoglycemia preworkout, exercise when sugar is high, same time same amount

37
Q

What to do undergoing surgery radiologic procedure with dm1/2 clients?

A

Stop metformin and resume 48hrs

38
Q

How is insulin determined?

A

Bodyweight , avg dose is 0.4-1.0 units until no more ketones in urine

39
Q

When drawing up NPH remember

A

Draw clear first

40
Q

What is standard IV given?

A

Reg Rapid acting

41
Q

What is the goal for insulin?

A

Give before meal to keep glucose near to 3-7.22

42
Q

Most common method of insulin is

A

Basal bolus - long acting and a rapid (aspart or novlog)

A long acting is given 1 a day, rapid acting given before meals divided into doses and must eat, Snacks do not require basal/bolus

Clients should eat when insulin is at its peak- meaning sugar is lowest

43
Q

What is client teaching like for DM1/2

A

Blood sugar test a1c to collect info in the past 3-4 months

When sick or stress sugar increases, due to normal response to help fight stressor, rotate within sites first

44
Q

Insulin infusion pumps

A

Are alternate daily injections, rapid acting, better control

45
Q

What to do if someone is hypoglycaemic

A

Give 15g or simple carb follow 15-15-15 rule

46
Q

Once sugar is up for hypogly what to do?

A

Give complex carbs

47
Q

An unconscious dm1/2?

A

Is treated like a hypogly

48
Q

Treating an unconscious you can give?

A

D50w, glucagon

49
Q

What to teach to hypogly,

A

Eat
Take insulin
Know signs of hypogly
Check glucose

50
Q

What is a complication of diabetes?

A

DKA could be the first sign of diabetes too

Anything can trigger it

51
Q

What is the patho for dka?

A

Absent or inade insulin - sugar is high - 3ps - fat breakdown- kussmal - LOC down

Little to no insulin leading to metabolic acidosis fat break down

52
Q

What is treatment for DKA?

A

Hourly blood sugar
IV insulin -watch for hypogly and hypotas
ECG
Hourly outputs
Abg
IVFs start w: NS then when bs goes down give D5W add potassium to IV

53
Q

Whats hhnk?

A

Looks like dka

Enough insulin no breakdown of fat no kussmal breathing both are hypergly ajd dehydra but not acidosis for hhnk

54
Q

What vascular problems for dm1/2

A

Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy

55
Q

What are complications w/ nephropathy?

A

Sexual problems
Foot/leg : no harsh chem, clean btwn tows, use a mirror
Neurogenic bladder incontinece and retention
Gastroparesis delayed stomach emptying risk for aspiration
Increased risk for infection

SET 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions