Pediatrics

Question 1

What are the dosages of erythromycin ointment and vitamin K to be given at birth?

Answer 1

.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

1 mg of vitamin K IM

Question 2

Penicillins are bacteri-____

Answer 2

cidal

Question 3

Which clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?

Answer 3

II, VII, IX, and X

2, 7, 9, and 10 (Think 1972)

Question 4

Protein C inhibits factor

Answer 4

V, so Protein C deficiency increases the risk of DVT!

Without protein C, factor V will cause clots without inhibition.

Question 5

What are the vitamin K dependent anticoagulants?

Answer 5

Proteins C and S

Question 6

If mom is HBsAg positive, administer ___ along with the hep B vaccine to baby

Answer 6

hepatitis IVIG

Question 7

What needs to be done before newborn can be discharged?

Answer 7

Hep B vaccine or IVIG
Vitamin K
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
hearing test
Neonatal screening tests for PKU, galactosemia, congenital hypothyroidism, etc.

Question 8

How to treat erythema toxicum of newborn?

Answer 8

Self-limited

Question 9

How to treat Sturge-Weber syndrome?

Answer 9

Give anticonvulsants and evaluate for glaucoma

Question 10

If hemangiomas are large or interfere with organ function, treat with

Answer 10

steroids or pulsed laser

Question 11

Preauricular tags/pits can be associated with

Answer 11

GU abnormalities and hearing loss

Question 12

CHARGE syndrome =

Answer 12

Coloboma of the eye
Heart defects
Atresia
Retardation
GU abnormnalities
Ear abnml

Question 13

Aniridia is a/w

Answer 13

Wilms tumor, so screen w/ abdominal ultrasound Q3 months until age 8

Question 14

Mass in the midline of the neck that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion =

Answer 14

thyroglossal duct cyst; remove surgically

Question 15

Omphalaceles develop due to failure of

Answer 15

GI sac retraction at 10-12 weeks gestation.

Screen for trisomy 13, 18, and 21

Question 16

If epispadias is present, evaluate for

Answer 16

bladder exstrophy

Question 17

Lab abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers:

Answer 17

hypoglycemia
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia

hyperbilirubinemia
polycythemia

Question 18

Baby that’s puffy, ruddy, and fat =

Answer 18

IODM

Question 19

Neonate born early with tachypnea, nasal grunting, and intercostal retractions within hours of birth =

Answer 19

RDS

Question 20

Best predictive test for RDS is

Answer 20

Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio on amniotic fluid prior to birth

Question 21

What are three complications of O2 delivery to newborn?

Answer 21

Retinopathy of prematurity
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 22

Fetuses in distress often pass ___ before birth, leading to ___

Answer 22

meconium

meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 23

What is the workup for jaundice in the first 24 hours of life?

Answer 23

Total and direct bili
Blood type of infant and mother
Direct Coombs test
CBC retic count, blood smear
UA and culture if elevated direct bili!

Question 24

Prolonged jaundice + elevation of conjugated bilirubin =

Answer 24

cholestasis; do LFTs and ultrasound and liver biopsy (most specific)

Question 25

Features in common with all TORCH infections =

Answer 25

IUGR, HSM, jaundice, MR

Question 26

Never give naloxone ton infant born from a mother with

Answer 26

known narcotics use

Question 27

Magnesium in utero can cause

Answer 27

respiratory depression, | just like anesthetics and barbiturates

Question 28

Sulfonamides in utero can cause

Answer 28

displacement of bilirubin from albumin

Question 29

Phenobarbital in utero can cause

Answer 29

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 30

ACE inhibitors in utero can cause

Answer 30

craniofacial abnormalities

Question 31

Newly diagnosed down syndrome kiddos require what work up?

Answer 31

Hearing exam Echo GI TSH

Question 32

Infant with aniridia requires what workup?

Answer 32

Wilms Tumor Aniridia GU anomalies Mental Retardation

Question 33

80 percent of Angelman syndrome kids develop

Answer 33

epilepsy

Question 34

Has pincer grasp, knows own name, creeps/crawls

Answer 34

9 months

Question 35

Cruises, says 1 or more words, plays ball

Answer 35

12 months

Question 36

Builds 3-cube tower, walks alone, makes lines and scribbles

Answer 36

15 months

Question 37

Builds 4-cube tower, walks down stairs, says 10 words, feeds self

Answer 37

18 months

Question 38

Builds 7-cube tower, runs well, goes up and down stairs, jumps with 2 feet, threads shoelaces, handles spoon, says 2-3 sentences

Answer 38

24 months

Question 39

Walks downstairs alternating feet, rides tricycle, knows age and sex, understands taking turns

Answer 39

36 months

Question 40

Hops on 1 foot, throws ball overhead, tells stories, participates in group play

Answer 40

48 months

Question 41

When should you workup a child for growth problems?

Answer 41

When they've crossed two major growth percentiles

Question 42

Contraindications to breastfeeding:

Answer 42

``` galactosemia HIV HSV if breast lesions Acute maternal disease if absent in infant (TB, sepsis, etc) Maternal cancer receiving treatment Substance abuse ```

Question 43

Nonretentive encopresis is associated with

Answer 43

abuse

Question 44

Treat croup with

Answer 44

dexamethasone and/or racemic epi