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Master the Boards Step 3 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dosages of erythromycin ointment and vitamin K to be given at birth?

A

.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

1 mg of vitamin K IM

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2
Q

Penicillins are bacteri-____

A

cidal

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3
Q

Which clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?

A

II, VII, IX, and X

2, 7, 9, and 10 (Think 1972)

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4
Q

Protein C inhibits factor

A

V, so Protein C deficiency increases the risk of DVT!

Without protein C, factor V will cause clots without inhibition.

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5
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent anticoagulants?

A

Proteins C and S

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6
Q

If mom is HBsAg positive, administer ___ along with the hep B vaccine to baby

A

hepatitis IVIG

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7
Q

What needs to be done before newborn can be discharged?

A 
Hep B vaccine or IVIG
Vitamin K
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
hearing test
Neonatal screening tests for PKU, galactosemia, congenital hypothyroidism, etc.
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8
Q

How to treat erythema toxicum of newborn?

A

Self-limited

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9
Q

How to treat Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A

Give anticonvulsants and evaluate for glaucoma

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10
Q

If hemangiomas are large or interfere with organ function, treat with

A

steroids or pulsed laser

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11
Q

Preauricular tags/pits can be associated with

A

GU abnormalities and hearing loss

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12
Q

CHARGE syndrome =

A 
Coloboma of the eye
Heart defects
Atresia
Retardation
GU abnormnalities
Ear abnml
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13
Q

Aniridia is a/w

A

Wilms tumor, so screen w/ abdominal ultrasound Q3 months until age 8

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14
Q

Mass in the midline of the neck that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion =

A

thyroglossal duct cyst; remove surgically

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15
Q

Omphalaceles develop due to failure of

A

GI sac retraction at 10-12 weeks gestation.

Screen for trisomy 13, 18, and 21

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16
Q

If epispadias is present, evaluate for

A

bladder exstrophy

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17
Q

Lab abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers:

A

hypoglycemia
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia

hyperbilirubinemia
polycythemia

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18
Q

Baby that’s puffy, ruddy, and fat =

A

IODM

19
Q

Neonate born early with tachypnea, nasal grunting, and intercostal retractions within hours of birth =

A

RDS

20
Q

Best predictive test for RDS is

A

Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio on amniotic fluid prior to birth

21
Q

What are three complications of O2 delivery to newborn?

A

Retinopathy of prematurity
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

22
Q

Fetuses in distress often pass ___ before birth, leading to ___

A

meconium

meconium aspiration syndrome

23
Q

What is the workup for jaundice in the first 24 hours of life?

A 
Total and direct bili
Blood type of infant and mother
Direct Coombs test
CBC retic count, blood smear
UA and culture if elevated direct bili!
24
Q

Prolonged jaundice + elevation of conjugated bilirubin =

A

cholestasis; do LFTs and ultrasound and liver biopsy (most specific)

25
Q

Features in common with all TORCH infections =

A

IUGR, HSM, jaundice, MR

26
Q

Never give naloxone ton infant born from a mother with

A

known narcotics use

27
Q

Magnesium in utero can cause

A

respiratory depression,

just like anesthetics and barbiturates

28
Q

Sulfonamides in utero can cause

A

displacement of bilirubin from albumin

29
Q

Phenobarbital in utero can cause

A

Vitamin K deficiency

30
Q

ACE inhibitors in utero can cause

A

craniofacial abnormalities

31
Q

Newly diagnosed down syndrome kiddos require what work up?

A

Hearing exam
Echo
GI
TSH

32
Q

Infant with aniridia requires what workup?

A

Wilms Tumor
Aniridia
GU anomalies
Mental Retardation

33
Q

80 percent of Angelman syndrome kids develop

A

epilepsy

34
Q

Has pincer grasp, knows own name, creeps/crawls

A

9 months

35
Q

Cruises, says 1 or more words, plays ball

A

12 months

36
Q

Builds 3-cube tower, walks alone, makes lines and scribbles

A

15 months

37
Q

Builds 4-cube tower, walks down stairs, says 10 words, feeds self

A

18 months

38
Q

Builds 7-cube tower, runs well, goes up and down stairs, jumps with 2 feet, threads shoelaces, handles spoon, says 2-3 sentences

A

24 months

39
Q

Walks downstairs alternating feet, rides tricycle, knows age and sex, understands taking turns

A

36 months

40
Q

Hops on 1 foot, throws ball overhead, tells stories, participates in group play

A

48 months

41
Q

When should you workup a child for growth problems?

A

When they’ve crossed two major growth percentiles

42
Q

Contraindications to breastfeeding:

A 
galactosemia
HIV
HSV if breast lesions
Acute maternal disease if absent in infant (TB, sepsis, etc)
Maternal cancer receiving treatment
Substance abuse
43
Q

Nonretentive encopresis is associated with

A

abuse

44
Q

Treat croup with

A

dexamethasone and/or racemic epi

Master the Boards Step 3 (19 decks)

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