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Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

avgs @ birth

A

7.5 lb
20 in
13.8 in

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2
Q

neonate weight

A

may lose 10% at first
should be back to birth weight by 2 weeks
0.5 - 1 oz/day

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3
Q

weight gains

A

neo: 0.5 - 1 oz/day
3-6 mo: 3.5 oz/wk
6-10 mo: 2 oz/wk
birth weight doubled by 5 mo, 3x by 1 y, 4x by 2 yrs

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4
Q

primary teeth

A

primary teeth @ 5-7 mo
evaluate if none by 15-18 mo
mandibular then maxillary
all 20 by age 3

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5
Q

secondary teeth

A

start @ ~6
usually completed by 12-14
32 in total

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6
Q

vision timeline

A

subjective to 3

yearly till 10, every other after

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7
Q

hearing

A

subjective to 4

objective till 10, every other after

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8
Q

lead levels

A

take @ 1 and 2 y, 1 btwn 3-6

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9
Q

HEADSS/SHADES

A 
home
education
activities
drugs
sex
suicide
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10
Q

HEP B vaccine

A

IM

0, 1, 6(-18) mo

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11
Q

rotavirus vaccine

A

pentavalent
3 oral: 2, 4, 6 mo
no increased intussusception

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12
Q

DTaP

A

primary: 2, 4, 6, 15 mo
booster: 4-6 yr
+ anyone close to infants

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13
Q

when do you do the APGAR

A

1 and 5 min

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14
Q

APGAR

A 
activity
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration
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15
Q

fontanelle closing

A

post: closed by 2 mo
ant: closed by 2 years

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16
Q

negative red reflex in infants

A

cataracts or retinoblastoma

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17
Q

2 mo immunizations

A 
Hep B (2)
rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk)
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18
Q

4 mo immunizations

A 
2nd dose of everything in 2 mo (Hep B (3)
rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk))
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19
Q

6 mo immunizations

A 
3rd dose of everything + annual flu
(rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk))
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20
Q

when to give MMR

A

1st: 12-15 mo
2nd: 4-6 yrs
(same as varicella)

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21
Q

Dtap vs Tdap

A

kids get Dtap, older get Tdap (11-12)

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22
Q

when to give meningococcal vaccine

A

11-55 w/ booster after 5 yrs

2-10 = for high risk

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23
Q

fear @ 6-9 mo to 2-2.5 yrs

A

unknown/stranger

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24
Q

fear from 9 mo to 3 yrs

A

separation anxiety

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25
fear from 4-6 yrs
being hurt/harm
26
growing independence of toddler: age
1.5-2
27
gowing independence of toddlers: behaviors
sleep disturbances change in eating clinginess tantrums
28
egocentrism
things happen to me (the sky is blue because its my fave color)
29
animism
objects have human qualities (stars are twinkling cuz theyre happy)
30
idiosyncratic thinking
organize objects/events | the wind is a man blowing
31
magical thinking age
3-4
32
emerging sense of self age
4-5
33
diaper rash spares creases
irritant atopic dermatitis
34
diaper rash def in creases
seborrheic diaper dermatitis
35
diaper rash exacerbated by something else
candidial (has satellite lesions too)
36
teratogen: Li
ebsteins anomaly
37
terat: rubella
PDA
38
terat: DM
transposition of great vessels
39
terat: lupus
heart block
40
digeorge
truncus arteriosus
41
turner
bicuspid aortic valve
42
williams
supravalvular aortic/pulmonic stenosis
43
tetralogy of fallot pathophys
aorticopulmonary septum forms more to right than center
44
transposition pathophys
failure of AP to spital
45
tricuspid atresi
no tricusp, VSD usually present
46
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
L sided obstruction prevents development of L ventricle
47
toddlers fracture
non-displaced spiral fracture of distal tibia
48
toddlers frx pathophys
planted foot twists
49
greenstick frx
rfx of long bone due to bending and incomplete line of breakage (usually radius/ulna)
50
Salter Harris classification
used to define a frx that involves growth plate (type I - V)
51
SH: type I
frx limited to growth plate
52
SH: type II
growth plate and metaphysis (MC)
53
SH: type III
growth plate + epiphysis
54
SH: type IV
metaphysis + epiphysis
55
SH: type V
crush injury to growth plate (compromises growth)
56
nursemaid's elbow
subluxation of radial head, (red head slips under annular ligament) due to sudden traction of extended arm
57
nursemaid elbow age
1-4
58
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
displacement of femoral neck from femoral head thru epiphyseal plate (more common in AA, males or obese)
59
Legg-Calve Perthes disease
avascular necrosis of femoral head
60
legg-calve perthes pop
males, 4-10
61
developmental dysplasia of hip
displacement of femoral head from acetabulum (more common in females)
62
evaluation of hip dysplasia
Barloe test | Ortolani test
63
Barlow test
adduct flexed hip while applying downward P | (+) if palpable clunk
64
Ortolani test
abduction and internal rotation of hip (relocation) | (+) if clunk
65
clubfoot talipes equinovarus
rotational deformity of subtalar joint w/ foot in plantar flexion, heels/hindfeet in inversion, forefeet adducted and supinated Tx: serial casting
66
normal genu
``` genu varum (bowlegged) - normal in 1-3 genu valgum: normal in 2-4 ```
67
legg-calve perthe prognosis
bone); a/w delayed skeletal maturity
68
pes planus
flat feet
69
scoliosis: curve
repeat xray every 6 mo
70
scoliosis: curve > 10
refer to orthopedics
71
scoliosis: curve > 20 w/ progression
spinal bracing
72
scoliosis: curve > 40
require operative intervention
73
what to do w/ child
urinalysis
74
when to renal US
significant illness or UTI recurrence
75
what to do w/ recurrent UTI
``` US voiding cystogram (r/o vesicoureteral reflux) ```
76
MC congenital cause of bladder obstruction in newborn male
post urethral valves
77
how to r/o orthostatic proteinuria
get sample first thing in the morning
78
otitis media agents
S. pneumo H flu M. catarrhalis viral
79
otitis media Tx
amoxicillin if fail, amox w/ clavinurate if fail again, cephalosporin
80
Tx for croup
nebulized racemic epinephrine (mod to severe)
81
when to do developmental screening
9, 18, 24 months | autism specific @ 18, 24 (M-CHAT)
82
MCC nighttime cough in kids
asthma
83
acute vs chronic cough
@ 3 wks
84
CF clues
not growing nasal polyps meconium ileus rectal prolapse
85
cough that goes away at night
psychogenic

Clinical Medicine (9 decks)

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