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Clinical Medicine > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

avgs @ birth

A

7.5 lb
20 in
13.8 in

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2
Q

neonate weight

A

may lose 10% at first
should be back to birth weight by 2 weeks
0.5 - 1 oz/day

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3
Q

weight gains

A

neo: 0.5 - 1 oz/day
3-6 mo: 3.5 oz/wk
6-10 mo: 2 oz/wk
birth weight doubled by 5 mo, 3x by 1 y, 4x by 2 yrs

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4
Q

primary teeth

A

primary teeth @ 5-7 mo
evaluate if none by 15-18 mo
mandibular then maxillary
all 20 by age 3

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5
Q

secondary teeth

A

start @ ~6
usually completed by 12-14
32 in total

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6
Q

vision timeline

A

subjective to 3

yearly till 10, every other after

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7
Q

hearing

A

subjective to 4

objective till 10, every other after

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8
Q

lead levels

A

take @ 1 and 2 y, 1 btwn 3-6

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9
Q

HEADSS/SHADES

A 
home
education
activities
drugs
sex
suicide
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10
Q

HEP B vaccine

A

IM

0, 1, 6(-18) mo

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11
Q

rotavirus vaccine

A

pentavalent
3 oral: 2, 4, 6 mo
no increased intussusception

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12
Q

DTaP

A

primary: 2, 4, 6, 15 mo
booster: 4-6 yr
+ anyone close to infants

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13
Q

when do you do the APGAR

A

1 and 5 min

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14
Q

APGAR

A 
activity
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration
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15
Q

fontanelle closing

A

post: closed by 2 mo
ant: closed by 2 years

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16
Q

negative red reflex in infants

A

cataracts or retinoblastoma

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17
Q

2 mo immunizations

A 
Hep B (2)
rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk)
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18
Q

4 mo immunizations

A 
2nd dose of everything in 2 mo (Hep B (3)
rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk))
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19
Q

6 mo immunizations

A 
3rd dose of everything + annual flu
(rotavirus
Dtap
Hib
PCV 13
polio (salk))
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20
Q

when to give MMR

A

1st: 12-15 mo
2nd: 4-6 yrs
(same as varicella)

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21
Q

Dtap vs Tdap

A

kids get Dtap, older get Tdap (11-12)

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22
Q

when to give meningococcal vaccine

A

11-55 w/ booster after 5 yrs

2-10 = for high risk

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23
Q

fear @ 6-9 mo to 2-2.5 yrs

A

unknown/stranger

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24
Q

fear from 9 mo to 3 yrs

A

separation anxiety

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25
Q

fear from 4-6 yrs

A

being hurt/harm

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26
Q

growing independence of toddler: age

A

1.5-2

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27
Q

gowing independence of toddlers: behaviors

A

sleep disturbances
change in eating
clinginess
tantrums

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28
Q

egocentrism

A

things happen to me (the sky is blue because its my fave color)

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29
Q

animism

A

objects have human qualities (stars are twinkling cuz theyre happy)

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30
Q

idiosyncratic thinking

A

organize objects/events

the wind is a man blowing

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31
Q

magical thinking age

A

3-4

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32
Q

emerging sense of self age

A

4-5

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33
Q

diaper rash spares creases

A

irritant atopic dermatitis

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34
Q

diaper rash def in creases

A

seborrheic diaper dermatitis

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35
Q

diaper rash exacerbated by something else

A

candidial (has satellite lesions too)

36
Q

teratogen: Li

A

ebsteins anomaly

37
Q

terat: rubella

A

PDA

38
Q

terat: DM

A

transposition of great vessels

39
Q

terat: lupus

A

heart block

40
Q

digeorge

A

truncus arteriosus

41
Q

turner

A

bicuspid aortic valve

42
Q

williams

A

supravalvular aortic/pulmonic stenosis

43
Q

tetralogy of fallot pathophys

A

aorticopulmonary septum forms more to right than center

44
Q

transposition pathophys

A

failure of AP to spital

45
Q

tricuspid atresi

A

no tricusp, VSD usually present

46
Q

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

L sided obstruction prevents development of L ventricle

47
Q

toddlers fracture

A

non-displaced spiral fracture of distal tibia

48
Q

toddlers frx pathophys

A

planted foot twists

49
Q

greenstick frx

A

rfx of long bone due to bending and incomplete line of breakage (usually radius/ulna)

50
Q

Salter Harris classification

A

used to define a frx that involves growth plate (type I - V)

51
Q

SH: type I

A

frx limited to growth plate

52
Q

SH: type II

A

growth plate and metaphysis (MC)

53
Q

SH: type III

A

growth plate + epiphysis

54
Q

SH: type IV

A

metaphysis + epiphysis

55
Q

SH: type V

A

crush injury to growth plate (compromises growth)

56
Q

nursemaid’s elbow

A

subluxation of radial head, (red head slips under annular ligament)
due to sudden traction of extended arm

57
Q

nursemaid elbow age

A

1-4

58
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

displacement of femoral neck from femoral head thru epiphyseal plate
(more common in AA, males or obese)

59
Q

Legg-Calve Perthes disease

A

avascular necrosis of femoral head

60
Q

legg-calve perthes pop

A

males, 4-10

61
Q

developmental dysplasia of hip

A

displacement of femoral head from acetabulum (more common in females)

62
Q

evaluation of hip dysplasia

A

Barloe test

Ortolani test

63
Q

Barlow test

A

adduct flexed hip while applying downward P

(+) if palpable clunk

64
Q

Ortolani test

A

abduction and internal rotation of hip (relocation)

(+) if clunk

65
Q

clubfoot talipes equinovarus

A

rotational deformity of subtalar joint w/ foot in plantar flexion, heels/hindfeet in inversion, forefeet adducted and supinated
Tx: serial casting

66
Q

normal genu

A 
genu varum (bowlegged) - normal in 1-3
genu valgum: normal in 2-4
67
Q

legg-calve perthe prognosis

A

bone); a/w delayed skeletal maturity

68
Q

pes planus

A

flat feet

69
Q

scoliosis: curve

A

repeat xray every 6 mo

70
Q

scoliosis: curve > 10

A

refer to orthopedics

71
Q

scoliosis: curve > 20 w/ progression

A

spinal bracing

72
Q

scoliosis: curve > 40

A

require operative intervention

73
Q

what to do w/ child

A

urinalysis

74
Q

when to renal US

A

significant illness or UTI recurrence

75
Q

what to do w/ recurrent UTI

A 
US
voiding cystogram (r/o vesicoureteral reflux)
76
Q

MC congenital cause of bladder obstruction in newborn male

A

post urethral valves

77
Q

how to r/o orthostatic proteinuria

A

get sample first thing in the morning

78
Q

otitis media agents

A

S. pneumo
H flu
M. catarrhalis
viral

79
Q

otitis media Tx

A

amoxicillin
if fail, amox w/ clavinurate
if fail again, cephalosporin

80
Q

Tx for croup

A

nebulized racemic epinephrine (mod to severe)

81
Q

when to do developmental screening

A

9, 18, 24 months

autism specific @ 18, 24 (M-CHAT)

82
Q

MCC nighttime cough in kids

A

asthma

83
Q

acute vs chronic cough

A

@ 3 wks

84
Q

CF clues

A

not growing
nasal polyps
meconium ileus
rectal prolapse

85
Q

cough that goes away at night

A

psychogenic

Clinical Medicine (9 decks)

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