Pediatrics

Question 1

Nontender abdominal mass ass. w/ elevated VMA and HVA

Answer 1

Neuroblastoma

Question 2

The most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Dx?

Answer 2

Esophageal atresia w/ distal TEF. Unable to pass NG tube.

Question 3

Not contraindications to vaccination

Answer 3

Mild illness and/or low-grade fever, current antibiotic therapy, and prematurity

Question 4

Tests to rule out shaken baby syndrome

Answer 4

Ophthalmologic exam, CT, and MRI

Question 5

Neonate has meconium ileus

Answer 5

Cystic fibrosis.

Hirschprung’s disease is ass. w/ failure to pass meconium for 48hrs

Question 6

Bilious emesis w/in hours after the first feeding

Answer 6

Duodenal atresia

Question 7

2mo presents w/ non bilious projectile emesis. Dx? Appropriate management?

Answer 7

Pyloric stenosis. Correct metabolic abnormalities; then correct pyloric stenosis

Question 8

Most common primary immunodeficiency

Answer 8

selective IgA deficiency

Question 9

Infant has a high fever and onset of reach as fever breaks. What is he at risk for?

Answer 9

Febrile seizures (due to roseola infantum)

Question 10

Boy has chronic respiratory infections. Nitroblue tetrazolium test is negatie

Answer 10

Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 11

Child has eczema, thrombocytopenia, and high levels of IgA

Answer 11

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 12

4mo boy has life-threatening Pseudomonas infections

Answer 12

Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Question 13

Acute-phase treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 13

high-dose ASA for inflammation and fever; IVIG to prevent coronary artery aneurysms

Question 14

Treatment for mild and sever unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 14

Phototherapy (mild) or exchange transfusion (severe). (Do not use phototherapy for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 15

Sudden onset of mental status changes, emesis, and liver dysfunction after ASA intake

Answer 15

Reye’s syndrome

Question 16

Child has loss of red light reflex (white pupil). Dx? The child has an increased risk of what cancer?

Answer 16

Suspect retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma

Question 17

Vaccinations at 6mo well-child visit

Answer 17

HBV, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, rotavirus

Question 18

Tanner stage 3 in 6yo F

Answer 18

Precocious puberty

Question 19

Infection of small airways w/ epidemics in winter and spring

Answer 19

RSV bronchiolitis

Question 20

Cause of neonatal RDS

Answer 20

Surfactant deficiency

Question 21

Condition ass/ w red “currant-jelly” stools, colicky abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and a sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ

Answer 21

Intussusception

Question 22

Congenital heart disease that causes secondary hypertension. What would you find on PE?

Answer 22

Coarctation of aorta. Decreased femoral pulses.

Question 23

First-line Tx for otitis media

Answer 23

Amoxicillin x 10 days

Question 24

Most common pathogen causing croup

Answer 24

Parainfluenza virus type 1

Question 25

Homeless child is small for his age and has peeling skin and a swollen belly

Answer 25

Kwashiorker (protein malnutrition)

Question 26

Defect in X-linked syndrome w/ mental retardation, gout, self-mutilation, and choreoathetosis

Answer 26

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (purine salvage problem w/ HGPRTase deficiency)

Question 27

A newborn girl has a continuous “machinery murmur”. What drug would you give?

Answer 27

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Indomethacin is given to close the PDA

Question 28

A newborn w/ a posterior neck mass and swelling of the hands

Answer 28

Turner’s syndrome