Endocrinology Flashcards
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and low TSH
Graves’ disease
Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. Second most common is Cushing’s disease
Pt presents w/ signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psych overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
Pt complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals HTN and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
Pt with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha- or beta-antagonists?
alpha-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
Pt w/ h/o lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)
Treatment of central DI
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction
Postoperative patient w/ significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status
SIADH due to stress
Antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
Pt presents w/ weakness, nausea, vomiting, wt loss, new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Tx?
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat w/ glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
Goal HbA1c for a patient w/ diabetes mellitus
