OB/Gyn Flashcards
Primary causes of 3rd-trimester bleeding
placental abruption and placenta previa
Classes US and gross appearance of complete hydatidiform mole
Snowtorm on US. “Cluster-of-grapes” appearance on gross examination
Chromosomal pattern of complete mole
46, XX
Molar pregnancy containing fetal tissue
Partial mole
Sx’s of placental abruption
Continuous, painful vaginal bleeding
Sx’s of placenta previa
Self-limited, painless vaginal bleeding
When should a vaginal exam be performed w/ suspected placenta previa?
Never
Abx w/ teratogenic effects
Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides
Medication given to accelerate fetal lung maturity
Betamethasone or dexamethasone x 48hrs
Most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine atony
Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine massage; if that fails, oxytocin
Typical Abx for GBS prophylaxis
IV penicillin or ampicillin
A Pt fails to lactate after an emergency C-section w/ marked blood loss
Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis).
Uterine bleeding at 18wks gestation no products expelled; cervical os open
Inevitable abortion
Uterine bleeding at 18wks; no products expelled; cervical os closed
threatened abortion
First test to perform when woman presents w/ amenorrhea
beta-gCG; most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy
Heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods
menometrorrhagia
Cause of amenorrhea w/ normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and a h/o D&C
Asherman’s syndrome
Therapy for PCOS
Wt loss and OCPs. Consider metformin
Medication used to induce ovulation
Clomiphene citrate
Diagnostic step required in a postmenopausal woman who presents w/ vaginal bleeding
Endometrial biopsy
Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Pt stable; unruptured ectopic pregnancy of
Medical options for endometriosis
OCPs, danazol, GnRH agonists
Laparoscopic findings in endometriosis
Powder burns, “chocolate cysts.”
The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla of the oviduct
How to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma
US
Natural h/o a leiomyoma
Regresses after menopause
Pt has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix
Trichomonal vaginitis
Treatment for BV
Oral or topical metronidazole
Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Contraceptive methods that protect against PID
OCPs and barrier contraception
Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?
Endometrial or estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
A Pt presents w/ recent PID w/ RUQ pain
Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Breast malignant presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple
Paget’s disease
Annual screening for women w/ a strong family h/o ovarian CA
CA-125 and transvaginal US
A 50yo F leadk urine when laughing coughing. Nonsurgical options?
Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence
30yo F has unpredictable urine loss. Examination is normal. Medical options?
Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or beta-adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence
Lab values suggestive of menopause
increase in serum FSH
Most common cause of female infertility
Endometriosis
2 consecutive finding of ASCUS on pap smear. Follow-up eval?
Colposcopy and endocervical curettage
Breast CA type that increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts
Lobular carcinoma in situ
